chore: update golang to 1.24.1 (#17035)

- Update go.mod to use Go 1.24.1
- Update GitHub Actions setup-go action to use Go 1.24.1
- Fix linting issues with golangci-lint by:
  - Updating to golangci-lint v1.57.1 (more compatible with Go 1.24.1)

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <claude@anthropic.com>

coderd/autobuild/lifecycle_executor_internal_test.go

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ func Test_isEligibleForAutostart(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, weekday := range schedule.DaysOfWeek {
 		// Find the local weekday
 		if okTick.In(localLocation).Weekday() == weekday {
+			// #nosec G115 - Safe conversion as i is the index of a 7-day week and will be in the range 0-6
 			okWeekdayBit = 1 << uint(i)
 		}
 	}