## Description
The membership reconciliation ensures the prebuilds system user is a
member of all organizations with prebuilds configured. To support
prebuilds quota management, each organization must have a prebuilds
group that the system user belongs to.
## Problem
Previously, membership reconciliation iterated over all presets to check
and update membership status. This meant database queries
`GetGroupByOrgAndName` and `InsertGroupMember` were executed for each
preset. Since presets are unique combinations of `(organization,
template, template version, preset)`, this resulted in several redundant
checks for the same organization.
In dogfood, `InsertGroupMember` was called thousands of times per day,
even though memberships were already configured ([internal Grafana
dashboard link](https://grafana.dev.coder.com/goto/46MZ1UgDg?orgId=1))
<img width="5382" height="1788" alt="Screenshot 2025-10-28 at 16 01 36"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/757b7253-106f-4f72-8586-8e2ede9f18db"
/>
## Solution
This PR introduces `GetOrganizationsWithPrebuildStatus`, a single query
that returns:
* All unique organizations with prebuilds configured
* Whether the prebuilds user is a member of each organization
* Whether the prebuilds group exists in each organization
* Whether the prebuilds user is in the prebuilds group
The membership reconciliation logic now:
* Fetches status for all organizations in one query
* Only performs inserts for organizations missing required memberships
or groups
* Safely handles concurrent operations via unique constraint violations
* This reduces database load from `O(presets)` to `O(organizations)` per
reconciliation loop, with a single read query when everything is
configured.
## Changes
* Add `GetOrganizationsWithPrebuildStatus` SQL query
* Update `membership.ReconcileAll` to use organization-based
reconciliation instead of preset-based
* Update tests to reflect new behavior
Related to internal thread:
https://codercom.slack.com/archives/C07GRNNRW03/p1760535570381369
## Description
PR https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/20387 introduced canceling
pending prebuild jobs from inactive template versions to avoid
provisioning obsolete workspaces. However, the associated prebuilds
remained in the database with "Canceled" status, visible in the UI.
This PR now orphan-deletes these canceled prebuilt workspaces. Since the
canceled jobs were never processed by a provisioner, no Terraform
resources were created, making orphan deletion safe.
Orphan deletion always creates a provisioner job, but behaves
differently based on provisioner availability:
- If no provisioner daemon is available, the job is immediately marked
as completed and the workspace is marked as deleted without any
provisioner processing
- If a provisioner daemon is available, it processes the delete job with
empty Terraform state (no actual resources to destroy)
The job cancellation and workspace deletion occur atomically in the same
transaction. We don't split this into two separate reconciliation runs
because there's no way to distinguish between system-canceled prebuilds
and user-canceled workspaces. If we deleted canceled workspaces in a
later run, we'd delete user-canceled workspaces that users may want to
keep for troubleshooting.
Note: This only applies to system-generated prebuilds from inactive
template versions.
## Changes
* Update `UpdatePrebuildProvisionerJobWithCancel` query to return job
ID, workspace ID, template ID, and template version preset ID
* Add `DeprovisionMode` enum to support orphan deletion in the provision
flow
* Update `ActionTypeCancelPending` handler to cancel jobs and
orphan-delete associated workspaces atomically
## Description
This PR introduces an optimization to automatically cancel pending
prebuild-related jobs from non-active template versions in the
reconciliation loop.
## Problem
Currently, when a template is configured with more prebuild instances
than available provisioners, the provisioner queue can become flooded
with pending prebuild jobs. This issue is worsened when
provisioning/deprovisioning operations take a long time.
When the prebuild reconciliation loop generates jobs faster than
provisioners can process them, pending jobs accumulate in the queue.
Since prebuilt workspaces should always run the latest active template
version, pending prebuild jobs from non-active versions become obsolete
once a new version is promoted.
## Solution
The reconciliation loop cancels pending prebuild-related jobs from
non-active template versions that match the following criteria:
* Build number: 1 (initial build created by the reconciliation loop)
* Job status: `pending`
* Not yet picked up by a provisioner (`worker_id` is `NULL`)
* Owned by the prebuilds system user
* Workspace transition: `start`
This prevents the queue from being cluttered with stale prebuild jobs
that would provision workspaces on an outdated template version that
would consequently need to be deprovisioned.
## Changes
* Added new SQL query `CountPendingNonActivePrebuilds` to identify
presets with pending jobs from non-active versions
* Added new SQL query `UpdatePrebuildProvisionerJobWithCancel` to cancel
jobs for a specific preset
* New reconciliation action type `ActionTypeCancelPending` handles the
cancellation logic
* Cancellation is non-blocking: failures to cancel prebuild jobs are
logged as errors and don't prevent other reconciliation actions
## Follow-up PR
Canceling pending prebuild jobs leaves workspaces in a Canceled state.
While no Terraform resources need to be destroyed (since jobs were
canceled before provisioning started), these database records should
still be cleaned up. This will be addressed in a follow-up PR.
Closes: https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/20242
## Description
This PR introduces one counter and two histograms related to workspace
creation and claiming. The goal is to provide clearer observability into
how workspaces are created (regular vs prebuild) and the time cost of
those operations.
### `coderd_workspace_creation_total`
* Metric type: Counter
* Name: `coderd_workspace_creation_total`
* Labels: `organization_name`, `template_name`, `preset_name`
This counter tracks whether a regular workspace (not created from a
prebuild pool) was created using a preset or not.
Currently, we already expose `coderd_prebuilt_workspaces_claimed_total`
for claimed prebuilt workspaces, but we lack a comparable metric for
regular workspace creations. This metric fills that gap, making it
possible to compare regular creations against claims.
Implementation notes:
* Exposed as a `coderd_` metric, consistent with other workspace-related
metrics (e.g. `coderd_api_workspace_latest_build`:
https://github.com/coder/coder/blob/main/coderd/prometheusmetrics/prometheusmetrics.go#L149).
* Every `defaultRefreshRate` (1 minute ), DB query
`GetRegularWorkspaceCreateMetrics` is executed to fetch all regular
workspaces (not created from a prebuild pool).
* The counter is updated with the total from all time (not just since
metric introduction). This differs from the histograms below, which only
accumulate from their introduction forward.
### `coderd_workspace_creation_duration_seconds` &
`coderd_prebuilt_workspace_claim_duration_seconds`
* Metric types: Histogram
* Names:
* `coderd_workspace_creation_duration_seconds`
* Labels: `organization_name`, `template_name`, `preset_name`, `type`
(`regular`, `prebuild`)
* `coderd_prebuilt_workspace_claim_duration_seconds`
* Labels: `organization_name`, `template_name`, `preset_name`
We already have `coderd_provisionerd_workspace_build_timings_seconds`,
which tracks build run times for all workspace builds handled by the
provisioner daemon.
However, in the context of this issue, we are only interested in
creation and claim build times, not all transitions; additionally, this
metric does not include `preset_name`, and adding it there would
significantly increase cardinality. Therefore, separate more focused
metrics are introduced here:
* `coderd_workspace_creation_duration_seconds`: Build time to create a
workspace (either a regular workspace or the build into a prebuild pool,
for prebuild initial provisioning build).
* `coderd_prebuilt_workspace_claim_duration_seconds`: Time to claim a
prebuilt workspace from the pool.
The reason for two separate histograms is that:
* Creation (regular or prebuild): provisioning builds with similar time
magnitude, generally expected to take longer than a claim operation.
* Claim: expected to be a much faster provisioning build.
#### Native histogram usage
Provisioning times vary widely between projects. Using static buckets
risks unbalanced or poorly informative histograms.
To address this, these metrics use [Prometheus native
histograms](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/native_histograms/):
* First introduced in Prometheus v2.40.0
* Recommended stable usage from v2.45+
* Requires Go client `prometheus/client_golang` v1.15.0+
* Experimental and must be explicitly enabled on the server
(`--enable-feature=native-histograms`)
For compatibility, we also retain a classic bucket definition (aligned
with the existing provisioner metric:
https://github.com/coder/coder/blob/main/provisionerd/provisionerd.go#L182-L189).
* If native histograms are enabled, Prometheus ingests the
high-resolution histogram.
* If not, it falls back to the predefined buckets.
Implementation notes:
* Unlike the counter, these histograms are updated in real-time at
workspace build job completion.
* They reflect data only from the point of introduction forward (no
historical backfill).
## Relates to
Closes: https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/19528
Native histograms tested in observability stack:
https://github.com/coder/observability/pull/50
Closes https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/18356.
This change finds and selects a matching preset if one was not chosen
during workspace creation. This solidifies the relationship between
presets and parameters.
When a workspace is created without in explicitly chosen preset, it will
now still be eligible to claim a prebuilt workspace if one is available.
## Description
This PR ensures that prebuilt workspaces are properly excluded from the
lifecycle executor and treated as a separate class of workspaces, fully
managed by the prebuild reconciliation loop.
It introduces two lifecycle guarantees:
* When a prebuilt workspace is created (i.e., when the workspace build
completes), all lifecycle-related fields are unset, ensuring the
workspace does not participate in TTL, autostop, autostart, dormancy, or
auto-deletion logic.
* When a prebuilt workspace is claimed, it transitions into a regular
user workspace. At this point, all lifecycle fields are correctly
populated according to template-level configurations, allowing the
workspace to be managed by the lifecycle executor as expected.
## Changes
* Prebuilt workspaces now have all lifecycle-relevant fields unset
during creation
* When a prebuild is claimed:
* Lifecycle fields are set based on template and workspace level
configurations. This ensures a clean transition into the standard
workspace lifecycle flow.
* Updated lifecycle-related SQL update queries to explicitly exclude
prebuilt workspaces.
## Relates
Related issue: https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/18898
To reduce the scope of this PR and make the review process more
manageable, the original implementation has been split into the
following focused PRs:
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19259
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19263
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19264
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19265
These PRs should be considered in conjunction with this one to
understand the complete set of lifecycle separation changes for prebuilt
workspaces.
Closes https://github.com/coder/internal/issues/312
Depends on https://github.com/coder/terraform-provider-coder/pull/408
This PR adds support for defining an **autoscaling block** for
prebuilds, allowing number of desired instances to scale dynamically
based on a schedule.
Example usage:
```
data "coder_workspace_preset" "us-nix" {
...
prebuilds = {
instances = 0 # default to 0 instances
scheduling = {
timezone = "UTC" # a single timezone is used for simplicity
# Scale to 3 instances during the work week
schedule {
cron = "* 8-18 * * 1-5" # from 8AM–6:59PM, Mon–Fri, UTC
instances = 3 # scale to 3 instances
}
# Scale to 1 instance on Saturdays for urgent support queries
schedule {
cron = "* 8-14 * * 6" # from 8AM–2:59PM, Sat, UTC
instances = 1 # scale to 1 instance
}
}
}
}
```
### Behavior
- Multiple `schedule` blocks per `prebuilds` block are supported.
- If the current time matches any defined autoscaling schedule, the
corresponding number of instances is used.
- If no schedule matches, the **default instance count**
(`prebuilds.instances`) is used as a fallback.
### Why
This feature allows prebuild instance capacity to adapt to predictable
usage patterns, such as:
- Scaling up during business hours or high-demand periods
- Reducing capacity during off-hours to save resources
### Cron specification
The cron specification is interpreted as a **continuous time range.**
For example, the expression:
```
* 9-18 * * 1-5
```
is intended to represent a continuous range from **09:00 to 18:59**,
Monday through Friday.
However, due to minor implementation imprecision, it is currently
interpreted as a range from **08:59:00 to 18:58:59**, Monday through
Friday.
This slight discrepancy arises because the evaluation is based on
whether a specific **point in time** falls within the range, using the
`github.com/coder/coder/v2/coderd/schedule/cron` library, which performs
per-minute matching rather than strict range evaluation.
---------
Co-authored-by: Danny Kopping <danny@coder.com>
## Summary
This PR introduces support for expiration policies in prebuilds. The TTL
(time-to-live) is retrieved from the Terraform configuration
([terraform-provider-coder
PR](https://github.com/coder/terraform-provider-coder/pull/404)):
```
prebuilds = {
instances = 2
expiration_policy {
ttl = 86400
}
}
```
**Note**: Since there is no need for precise TTL enforcement down to the
second, in this implementation expired prebuilds are handled in a single
reconciliation cycle: they are deleted, and new instances are created
only if needed to match the desired count.
## Changes
* The outcome of a reconciliation cycle is now expressed as a slice of
reconciliation actions, instead of a single aggregated action.
* Adjusted reconciliation logic to delete expired prebuilds and
guarantee that the number of desired instances is correct.
* Updated relevant data structures and methods to support expiration
policies parameters.
* Added documentation to `Prebuilt workspaces` page
* Update `terraform-provider-coder` to version 2.5.0:
https://github.com/coder/terraform-provider-coder/releases/tag/v2.5.0
Depends on: https://github.com/coder/terraform-provider-coder/pull/404
Fixes: https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/17916
Relates to https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/17432
### Part 1:
Notes:
- `GetPresetsAtFailureLimit` SQL query is added, which is similar to
`GetPresetsBackoff`, they use same CTEs: `filtered_builds`,
`time_sorted_builds`, but they are still different.
- Query is executed on every loop iteration. We can consider marking
specific preset as permanently failed as an optimization to avoid
executing query on every loop iteration. But I decided don't do it for
now.
- By default `FailureHardLimit` is set to 3.
- `FailureHardLimit` is configurable. Setting it to zero - means that
hard limit is disabled.
### Part 2
Notes:
- `PrebuildFailureLimitReached` notification is added.
- Notification is sent to template admins.
- Notification is sent only the first time, when hard limit is reached.
But it will `log.Warn` on every loop iteration.
- I introduced this enum:
```sql
CREATE TYPE prebuild_status AS ENUM (
'normal', -- Prebuilds are working as expected; this is the default, healthy state.
'hard_limited', -- Prebuilds have failed repeatedly and hit the configured hard failure limit; won't be retried anymore.
'validation_failed' -- Prebuilds failed due to a non-retryable validation error (e.g. template misconfiguration); won't be retried.
);
```
`validation_failed` not used in this PR, but I think it will be used in
next one, so I wanted to save us an extra migration.
- Notification looks like this:
<img width="472" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e10efea0-1790-4e7f-a65c-f94c40fced27"
/>
### Latest notification views:
<img width="463" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/11310c58-68d1-4075-a497-f76d854633fe"
/>
<img width="725" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6bbfe21a-91ac-47c3-a9d1-21807bb0c53a"
/>
Also add some clarification about the lack of database constraints for
soft template deletion.
---------
Signed-off-by: Danny Kopping <dannykopping@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Danny Kopping <dannykopping@gmail.com>
Marcin Tojek