Refactor: Rename api mode to headless

The 'api' mode is being renamed to 'headless' to better reflect its
purpose: serving the API without the admin UI. This change aligns with
the existing framework concept of a headless backend.

The 'standalone' mode is renamed to 'admin' to indicate that it serves
both the API and the admin UI.

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,21 @@ jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:17
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+          POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+          POSTGRES_DB: bknd
+        ports:
+          - 5430:5432
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd pg_isready
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+    
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       
@@ -20,11 +35,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Bun
         uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v1
         with:
-          bun-version: "1.2.22"
+          bun-version: "1.3.3"
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         working-directory: ./app
-        run: bun install
+        run: bun install #--linker=hoisted
 
       - name: Build
         working-directory: ./app

.gitignore

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ packages/media/.env
 .npmrc
 /.verdaccio
 .idea
-.vscode
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
 .git_old
 docker/tmp
 .debug

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "typescript.tsdk": "node_modules/typescript/lib",
+  "biome.enabled": true,
+  "editor.defaultFormatter": "biomejs.biome",
+  "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+    //"source.organizeImports.biome": "explicit",
+    "source.fixAll.biome": "explicit"
+  },
+  "typescript.preferences.importModuleSpecifier": "non-relative",
+  "typescript.preferences.autoImportFileExcludePatterns": [
+    "**/dist/**",
+    "**/node_modules/**/dist/**",
+    "**/node_modules/**/!(src|lib|esm)/**" // optional, stricter
+  ],
+  "typescript.preferences.includePackageJsonAutoImports": "on",
+  "typescript.tsserver.watchOptions": {
+    "excludeDirectories": ["**/dist", "**/node_modules/**/dist"]
+  }
+}

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# Contributing to bknd
+
+Thank you for your interest in contributing to bknd. This guide will help you get started, understand the codebase, and submit contributions that align with the project's direction.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Before You Start](#before-you-start)
+- [Important Resources](#important-resources)
+- [Development Setup](#development-setup)
+- [Project Structure](#project-structure)
+- [Understanding the Codebase](#understanding-the-codebase)
+- [Running Tests](#running-tests)
+- [Code Style](#code-style)
+- [Submitting Changes](#submitting-changes)
+- [AI-Generated Code](#ai-generated-code)
+- [Contributing to Documentation](#contributing-to-documentation)
+- [Reporting Bugs](#reporting-bugs)
+- [Getting Help](#getting-help)
+- [Contributors](#contributors)
+- [Maintainers](#maintainers)
+
+## Before You Start
+
+**Open a GitHub Issue before writing code.** This is the preferred way to propose any change. It lets maintainers and the community align on the approach before time is spent on implementation. If you have discussed a contribution in the [Discord server](https://discord.com/invite/952SFk8Tb8) instead, include a link to the relevant Discord thread in your pull request. Pull requests submitted without a corresponding issue or Discord discussion may be closed.
+
+**Unsolicited architectural changes will be closed.** The internal architecture of bknd is intentional. Refactors, restructuring, or changes to core patterns must be discussed and approved before any code is written.
+
+Contributions that are generally welcome (after opening an issue):
+
+- Bug fixes
+- New adapters, strategies, or storage backends
+- Documentation improvements
+- New examples
+- Test coverage improvements
+
+**A note on versioning**: bknd is pre-1.0 and under active development. Full backward compatibility is not guaranteed before v1.0.0. Contributors should be aware that APIs and internal interfaces may change between releases.
+
+## Important Resources
+
+- **Documentation**: https://docs.bknd.io
+- **Issue Tracker**: https://github.com/bknd-io/bknd/issues
+- **Discord**: https://discord.com/invite/952SFk8Tb8
+- **FAQ / Search**: https://www.answeroverflow.com/c/1308395750564302952
+
+## Development Setup
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- Node.js 22.13 or higher
+- Bun 1.3.3
+
+### Getting Started
+
+1. Fork the repository and clone your fork.
+
+2. Install dependencies from the repo root:
+
+   ```bash
+   bun install
+   ```
+
+3. Navigate to the main app package:
+
+   ```bash
+   cd app
+   ```
+
+4. Copy the example environment file:
+
+   ```bash
+   cp .env.example .env
+   ```
+
+   The default `.env.example` includes a file-based SQLite database (`file:.db/dev.db`). You can change `VITE_DB_URL` to `:memory:` for an in-memory database instead.
+
+5. Start the dev server:
+
+   ```bash
+   bun run dev
+   ```
+
+   The dev server runs on `http://localhost:28623` using Vite with Hono.
+
+## Project Structure
+
+This is a Bun monorepo using workspaces. The vast majority of the code lives in `app/`.
+
+```
+bknd/
+  app/                    # Main "bknd" npm package (this is where most work happens)
+    src/
+      adapter/            # Runtime/framework adapters (node, bun, cloudflare, nextjs, astro, etc.)
+      auth/               # Authentication module (strategies, sessions, user pool)
+      cli/                # CLI commands
+      core/               # Shared utilities, event system, drivers, server helpers
+      data/               # Data module (entities, fields, relations, queries, schema)
+      flows/              # Workflow engine and tasks
+      media/              # Media module (storage adapters, uploads)
+      modes/              # Configuration modes (code, hybrid, db)
+      modules/            # Module system, MCP server, permissions framework
+      plugins/            # Built-in plugins (auth, data, cloudflare, dev)
+      ui/                 # All frontend code
+        client/           # TypeScript SDK and React hooks (exported as bknd/client)
+        elements/         # React components for auth/media (exported as bknd/elements)
+        (everything else) # Admin UI (exported as bknd/ui)
+      App.ts              # Central application orchestrator
+      index.ts            # Main package exports
+    __test__/             # Unit tests (mirrors src/ structure)
+    e2e/                  # End-to-end tests (Playwright)
+    build.ts              # Build script (tsup/esbuild)
+    build.cli.ts          # CLI build script
+  packages/               # Small satellite packages
+    cli/                  # Standalone CLI package (bknd-cli)
+    plasmic/              # Plasmic integration
+    postgres/             # Postgres helper
+    sqlocal/              # SQLocal helper
+  docs/                   # Documentation site (Next.js + Fumadocs, deployed to docs.bknd.io)
+  examples/               # Example projects across runtimes and frameworks
+  docker/                 # Docker configuration
+```
+
+## Understanding the Codebase
+
+### Path Aliases
+
+The project uses TypeScript path aliases defined in `app/tsconfig.json`. Imports like `core/utils`, `data/connection`, or `auth/authenticate` resolve to directories under `app/src/`. When reading source code, keep this in mind -- an import like `import { Connection } from "data/connection"` refers to `app/src/data/connection`, not an external package.
+
+### Module System
+
+bknd is built around four core modules, each with its own schema, API routes, and permissions:
+
+- **Data** -- entity definitions, field types, relations, queries (backed by Kysely)
+- **Auth** -- authentication strategies, sessions, user management
+- **Media** -- file storage with pluggable adapters (S3, Cloudinary, local filesystem, etc.)
+- **Flows** -- workflow automation and task execution
+
+These modules are managed by the `ModuleManager` (in `app/src/modules/`), which handles configuration, building, and lifecycle.
+
+### Adapter Pattern
+
+Adapters in `app/src/adapter/` allow bknd to run on different runtimes and frameworks. Each adapter provides the glue between bknd's Hono-based server and a specific environment (Node, Bun, Cloudflare Workers, Next.js, Astro, etc.).
+
+### Plugin System
+
+Plugins (in `app/src/plugins/`) hook into the app lifecycle via callbacks like `beforeBuild`, `onBuilt`, `onServerInit`, and `schema`. They can add entities, register routes, and extend behavior.
+
+### Build System
+
+The build is handled by a custom `app/build.ts` script using tsup (esbuild under the hood). It builds four targets in parallel:
+
+- **API** -- the core backend
+- **UI** -- the admin interface
+- **Elements** -- standalone React components
+- **Adapters** -- all runtime/framework adapters
+
+## Running Tests
+
+All test commands run from the `app/` directory.
+
+| Command | Runner | What it runs |
+|---|---|---|
+| `bun run test` | Bun test | Unit tests (`*.spec.ts` files) |
+| `bun run test:node` | Vitest | Node-specific tests (`*.vi-test.ts`, `*.vitest.ts`) |
+| `bun run test:e2e` | Playwright | End-to-end tests (`*.e2e-spec.ts` in `e2e/`) |
+| `bun run types` | TypeScript | Type checking (no emit) |
+
+CI runs both Bun and Node tests, with a Postgres 17 service for database integration tests.
+
+## Code Style
+
+The project uses **Biome** for formatting and linting.
+
+- 3-space indentation for JavaScript/TypeScript
+- 100-character line width
+- Spaces (not tabs)
+
+To format and lint, run from the repo root:
+
+```bash
+bunx biome format --write ./app
+bunx biome lint --changed --write ./app
+```
+
+Run both before submitting a PR. CI will catch style issues, but it is better to fix them locally first.
+
+## Submitting Changes
+
+1. Open a GitHub Issue describing your proposed change, or link to a Discord thread where it was discussed. Wait for feedback before writing code.
+2. Fork the repo and create a branch from `main`.
+3. Keep changes focused and minimal. One PR per issue.
+4. Add or update tests if applicable.
+5. Run the test suite and linter before pushing.
+6. Open a pull request against `main`. Reference the issue number in the PR description.
+
+Expect a response from maintainers, but be patient -- this is an actively developed project and review may take some time.
+
+## AI-Generated Code
+
+If you use AI tools to write or assist with your code, you must:
+
+- **Fully review all AI-generated code yourself** before submitting. You are responsible for understanding and standing behind every line in your PR.
+- **Include the prompts used** in the PR description. This gives maintainers additional context for reviewing the code.
+
+Pull requests with unreviewed AI-generated code will be closed.
+
+## Contributing to Documentation
+
+The documentation site lives in the `docs/` directory and is a **separate Next.js application** built with [Fumadocs](https://fumadocs.dev). It uses **npm** (not Bun) as its package manager.
+
+### Docs Setup
+
+```bash
+cd docs
+npm install
+npm run dev
+```
+
+The docs dev server runs on `http://localhost:3000`.
+
+### Where Documentation Lives
+
+Documentation content is written in MDX and located in `docs/content/docs/`. The directory is organized into:
+
+- `(documentation)/` -- core documentation pages
+- `guide/` -- guides and tutorials
+- `api-reference/` -- API reference (partially auto-generated from OpenAPI)
+
+To add or edit a page, create or modify an `.mdx` file in the appropriate directory. Page metadata is defined via frontmatter at the top of each file. Navigation order is controlled by `meta.json` files in each directory.
+
+### Building the Docs
+
+```bash
+npm run build
+```
+
+This generates the OpenAPI and MCP reference pages before building the Next.js site. Make sure the build succeeds locally before submitting a docs PR.
+
+## Reporting Bugs
+
+Open a GitHub Issue with:
+
+- A clear title describing the problem.
+- Steps to reproduce the bug.
+- Expected behavior vs. actual behavior.
+- Your environment (runtime, database, adapter, bknd version).
+- Any relevant error messages or logs.
+
+## Getting Help
+
+- **Discord**: https://discord.com/invite/952SFk8Tb8
+- **FAQ / Search**: https://www.answeroverflow.com/c/1308395750564302952
+- **GitHub Issues**: https://github.com/bknd-io/bknd/issues
+
+## Contributors
+
+Thank you to everyone who has contributed to bknd.
+
+<a href="https://github.com/bknd-io/bknd/graphs/contributors">
+  <img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=bknd-io/bknd" />
+</a>
+
+Made with [contrib.rocks](https://contrib.rocks).
+
+## Maintainers
+
+- **Dennis** ([@dswbx](https://github.com/dswbx)) -- Creator and maintainer of bknd
+- **Cameron Pak** ([@cameronapak](https://github.com/cameronapak)) -- Maintainer of bknd docs

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,110 +1,202 @@
-# Functional Source License, Version 1.1, MIT Future License
 
-## Abbreviation
+                                 Apache License
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-FSL-1.1-MIT
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-## Notice
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-Copyright 2025 Dennis Senn
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README.md

@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@
 </a>
 </p>
 
-bknd simplifies app development by providing a fully functional backend for database management, authentication, media and workflows. Being lightweight and built on Web Standards, it can be deployed nearly anywhere, including running inside your framework of choice. No more deploying multiple separate services!
+bknd simplifies app development by providing a fully functional visual backend for database management, authentication, media and workflows. Being lightweight and built on Web Standards, it can be deployed nearly anywhere, including running inside your framework of choice. No more deploying multiple separate services!
+
+It's designed to avoid vendor lock-in and architectural limitations. Built exclusively on [WinterTC Minimum Common Web Platform API](https://min-common-api.proposal.wintertc.org/) for universal compatibility, all functionality (data, auth, media, flows) is modular and opt-in, and infrastructure access is adapter-based with direct access to underlying drivers giving you full control without abstractions getting in your way.
+
 * **Runtimes**: Node.js 22+, Bun 1.0+, Deno, Browser, Cloudflare Workers/Pages, Vercel, Netlify, AWS Lambda, etc.
 * **Databases**:
   * SQLite: LibSQL, Node SQLite, Bun SQLite, Cloudflare D1, Cloudflare Durable Objects SQLite, SQLocal
   * Postgres: Vanilla Postgres, Supabase, Neon, Xata
 * **Frameworks**: React, Next.js, React Router, Astro, Vite, Waku
-* **Storage**: AWS S3, S3-compatible (Tigris, R2, Minio, etc.), Cloudflare R2 (binding), Cloudinary, Filesystem
+* **Storage**: AWS S3, S3-compatible (Tigris, R2, Minio, etc.), Cloudflare R2 (binding), Cloudinary, Filesystem, Origin Private File System (OPFS)
+* **Deployment**: Standalone, Docker, Cloudflare Workers, Vercel, Netlify, Deno Deploy, AWS Lambda, Valtown etc.
 
 **For documentation and examples, please visit https://docs.bknd.io.**
 
@@ -24,6 +28,18 @@ bknd simplifies app development by providing a fully functional backend for data
 > Please keep in mind that **bknd** is still under active development
 > and therefore full backward compatibility is not guaranteed before reaching v1.0.0.
 
+## Use Cases
+
+bknd is a general purpose backend system that implements the primitives almost any backend needs. This way, you can use it for any backend use case, including but not limited to:
+
+- **Content Management System (CMS)** as Wordpress alternative, hosted separately or embedded in your frontend
+- **AI Agent Backends** for managing agent state with built-in data persistence, regardless where it is hosted. Optionally communicate over the integrated MCP server.
+- **SaaS Products** with multi-tenant data isolation (RLS) and user management, with freedom to choose your own database and storage provider
+- **Prototypes & MVPs** to validate ideas quickly without infrastructure overhead
+- **API-First Applications** where you need a reliable, type-safe backend without vendor lock-in either with the integrated TypeScript SDK or REST API using OpenAPI
+- **IoT & Embedded Devices** where minimal footprint matters
+
+
 ## Size
 ![gzipped size of bknd](https://img.shields.io/bundlejs/size/bknd?label=bknd)
 ![gzipped size of bknd/client](https://img.badgesize.io/https://unpkg.com/bknd@latest/dist/ui/client/index.js?compression=gzip&label=bknd/client)
@@ -46,13 +62,13 @@ Creating digital products always requires developing both the backend (the logic
   * **Media**: Effortlessly manage and serve all your media files.
   * **Flows**: Design and run workflows with seamless automation. (UI integration coming soon!)
 * 🌐 Built on Web Standards for maximum compatibility
+* 🛠️ MCP server, client and UI built-in to control your backend
 * 🏃‍♂️ Multiple run modes
   * standalone using the CLI
   * using a JavaScript runtime (Node, Bun, workerd)
   * using a React framework (Next.js, React Router, Astro)
 * 📦 Official API and React SDK with type-safety
 * ⚛️ React elements for auto-configured authentication and media components
-* 🛠️ MCP server, client and UI built-in to control your backend
 
 ## Structure
 The package is mainly split into 4 parts, each serving a specific purpose:
@@ -149,3 +165,19 @@ npx bknd run
 ```bash
 npm install bknd
 ```
+
+## Contributing
+
+We welcome contributions! Please read our [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) before getting started. It covers dev setup, project structure, testing, code style, and how to submit changes.
+
+Before writing code, please open a GitHub Issue or start a conversation in [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/952SFk8Tb8) so we can align on the approach.
+
+## Contributors
+
+Thank you to everyone who has contributed to bknd.
+
+<a href="https://github.com/bknd-io/bknd/graphs/contributors">
+  <img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=bknd-io/bknd" />
+</a>
+
+Made with [contrib.rocks](https://contrib.rocks).

app/.env.example

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ VITE_SHOW_ROUTES=
 
 # ===== Test Credentials =====
 RESEND_API_KEY=
+PLUNK_API_KEY=
 R2_TOKEN=
 
 R2_ACCESS_KEY=

app/.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 playwright-report
 test-results
 bknd.config.*
-__test__/helper.d.ts
+__test__/helper.d.ts
+.env.local

app/.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "typescript.preferences.includePackageJsonAutoImports": "off",
+  "typescript.suggest.autoImports": true,
+  "typescript.preferences.importModuleSpecifier": "relative",
+  "search.exclude": {
+    "**/dist/**": true,
+    "**/node_modules/**": true
+  },
+  "files.exclude": {
+    "**/dist/**": true
+  }
+}

app/__test__/App.spec.ts

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ describe("App tests", async () => {
       expect(Array.from(app.plugins.keys())).toEqual(["test"]);
    });
 
-   test.only("drivers", async () => {
+   test("drivers", async () => {
       const called: string[] = [];
       const app = new App(dummyConnection, undefined, {
          drivers: {

app/__test__/adapter/adapter.test.ts

@@ -1,66 +1,76 @@
 import { expect, describe, it, beforeAll, afterAll, mock } from "bun:test";
 import * as adapter from "adapter";
-import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog, omitKeys } from "core/utils";
 import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
 import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
-import { omitKeys } from "core/utils";
+
+const stripConnection = <T extends Record<string, any>>(cfg: T) =>
+  omitKeys(cfg, ["connection"]);
 
 beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
 afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 describe("adapter", () => {
-   it("makes config", async () => {
-      expect(omitKeys(await adapter.makeConfig({}), ["connection"])).toEqual({});
-      expect(
-         omitKeys(await adapter.makeConfig({}, { env: { TEST: "test" } }), ["connection"]),
-      ).toEqual({});
+  describe("makeConfig", () => {
+    it("returns empty config for empty inputs", async () => {
+      const cases: Array<Parameters<typeof adapter.makeConfig>> = [
+        [{}],
+        [{}, { env: { TEST: "test" } }],
+      ];
 
-      // merges everything returned from `app` with the config
-      expect(
-         omitKeys(
-            await adapter.makeConfig(
-               { app: (a) => ({ config: { server: { cors: { origin: a.env.TEST } } } }) },
-               { env: { TEST: "test" } },
-            ),
-            ["connection"],
-         ),
-      ).toEqual({
-         config: { server: { cors: { origin: "test" } } },
-      });
-   });
+      for (const args of cases) {
+        const cfg = await adapter.makeConfig(...(args as any));
+        expect(stripConnection(cfg)).toEqual({});
+      }
+    });
 
-   it("allows all properties in app function", async () => {
-      const called = mock(() => null);
-      const config = await adapter.makeConfig(
-         {
-            app: (env) => ({
-               connection: { url: "test" },
-               config: { server: { cors: { origin: "test" } } },
-               options: {
-                  mode: "db",
-               },
-               onBuilt: () => {
-                  called();
-                  expect(env).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
-               },
-            }),
-         },
-         { foo: "bar" },
+    it("merges app output into config", async () => {
+      const cfg = await adapter.makeConfig(
+        { app: (a) => ({ config: { server: { cors: { origin: a.env.TEST } } } }) },
+        { env: { TEST: "test" } },
       );
-      expect(config.connection).toEqual({ url: "test" });
-      expect(config.config).toEqual({ server: { cors: { origin: "test" } } });
-      expect(config.options).toEqual({ mode: "db" });
-      await config.onBuilt?.(null as any);
-      expect(called).toHaveBeenCalled();
-   });
 
-   adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
+      expect(stripConnection(cfg)).toEqual({
+        config: { server: { cors: { origin: "test" } } },
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("allows all properties in app() result", async () => {
+      const called = mock(() => null);
+
+      const cfg = await adapter.makeConfig(
+        {
+          app: (env) => ({
+            connection: { url: "test" },
+            config: { server: { cors: { origin: "test" } } },
+            options: { mode: "db" as const },
+            onBuilt: () => {
+              called();
+              expect(env).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+            },
+          }),
+        },
+        { foo: "bar" },
+      );
+
+      expect(cfg.connection).toEqual({ url: "test" });
+      expect(cfg.config).toEqual({ server: { cors: { origin: "test" } } });
+      expect(cfg.options).toEqual({ mode: "db" });
+
+      await cfg.onBuilt?.({} as any);
+      expect(called).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("adapter test suites", () => {
+    adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
       makeApp: adapter.createFrameworkApp,
       label: "framework app",
-   });
+    });
 
-   adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
+    adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
       makeApp: adapter.createRuntimeApp,
       label: "runtime app",
-   });
+    });
+  });
 });

app/__test__/api/Api.spec.ts

@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ describe("Api", async () => {
    it("should construct without options", () => {
       const api = new Api();
       expect(api.baseUrl).toBe("http://localhost");
-      expect(api.isAuthVerified()).toBe(false);
+
+      // verified is true, because no token, user, headers or request given
+      // therefore nothing to check, auth state is verified
+      expect(api.isAuthVerified()).toBe(true);
    });
 
    it("should ignore force verify if no claims given", () => {
       const api = new Api({ verified: true });
       expect(api.baseUrl).toBe("http://localhost");
-      expect(api.isAuthVerified()).toBe(false);
+      expect(api.isAuthVerified()).toBe(true);
    });
 
    it("should construct from request (token)", async () => {
@@ -67,4 +70,10 @@ describe("Api", async () => {
       expect(params.token_transport).toBe("header");
       expect(params.host).toBe("http://another.com");
    });
+
+   it("should extract tokens case insensitive", async () => {
+      const token = await sign({ sub: "test" }, "1234");
+      expect(new Api({ headers: new Headers({ Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }) }).getAuthState().token).toBe(token);
+      expect(new Api({ headers: new Headers({ Authorization: `bearer ${token}` }) }).getAuthState().token).toBe(token);
+   })
 });

app/__test__/api/MediaApi.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /// <reference types="@types/bun" />
-import { describe, expect, it } from "bun:test";
+import { describe, expect, it, mock } from "bun:test";
 import { Hono } from "hono";
-import { getFileFromContext, isFile, isReadableStream } from "core/utils";
+import { getFileFromContext, isFile, isReadableStream, s, jsc } from "core/utils";
 import { MediaApi } from "media/api/MediaApi";
 import { assetsPath, assetsTmpPath } from "../helper";
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const mockedBackend = new Hono()
    .get("/file/:name", async (c) => {
       const { name } = c.req.param();
       const file = Bun.file(`${assetsPath}/${name}`);
-      return new Response(file, {
+      return new Response(new File([await file.bytes()], name, { type: file.type }), {
          headers: {
             "Content-Type": file.type,
             "Content-Length": file.size.toString(),
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ describe("MediaApi", () => {
       const res = await mockedBackend.request("/api/media/file/" + name);
       await Bun.write(path, res);
 
-      const file = await Bun.file(path);
+      const file = Bun.file(path);
       expect(file.size).toBeGreaterThan(0);
       expect(file.type).toBe("image/png");
       await file.delete();
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe("MediaApi", () => {
       expect(isReadableStream(res.body)).toBe(true);
       expect(isReadableStream(res.res.body)).toBe(true);
 
-      const blob = await res.res.blob();
+      const blob = (await res.res.blob()) as File;
       expect(isFile(blob)).toBe(true);
       expect(blob.size).toBeGreaterThan(0);
       expect(blob.type).toBe("image/png");
@@ -110,10 +110,11 @@ describe("MediaApi", () => {
       const api = new MediaApi({}, mockedBackend.request);
 
       const name = "image.png";
-      const res = await api.getFileStream(name);
-      expect(isReadableStream(res)).toBe(true);
+      const res = await api.getFile(name);
+      const stream = await api.getFileStream(name);
+      expect(isReadableStream(stream)).toBe(true);
 
-      const blob = await new Response(res).blob();
+      const blob = (await res.res.blob()) as File;
       expect(isFile(blob)).toBe(true);
       expect(blob.size).toBeGreaterThan(0);
       expect(blob.type).toBe("image/png");
@@ -154,15 +155,38 @@ describe("MediaApi", () => {
       }
 
       // upload via readable from bun
-      await matches(await api.upload(file.stream(), { filename: "readable.png" }), "readable.png");
+      await matches(api.upload(file.stream(), { filename: "readable.png" }), "readable.png");
 
       // upload via readable from response
       {
          const response = (await mockedBackend.request(url)) as Response;
-         await matches(
-            await api.upload(response.body!, { filename: "readable.png" }),
-            "readable.png",
-         );
+         await matches(api.upload(response.body!, { filename: "readable.png" }), "readable.png");
       }
    });
+
+   it("should add overwrite query for entity upload", async (c) => {
+      const call = mock(() => null);
+      const hono = new Hono().post(
+         "/api/media/entity/:entity/:id/:field",
+         jsc("query", s.object({ overwrite: s.boolean().optional() })),
+         async (c) => {
+            const { overwrite } = c.req.valid("query");
+            expect(overwrite).toBe(true);
+            call();
+            return c.json({ ok: true });
+         },
+      );
+      const api = new MediaApi(
+         {
+            upload_fetcher: hono.request,
+         },
+         hono.request,
+      );
+      const file = Bun.file(`${assetsPath}/image.png`);
+      const res = await api.uploadToEntity("posts", 1, "cover", file as any, {
+         overwrite: true,
+      });
+      expect(res.ok).toBe(true);
+      expect(call).toHaveBeenCalled();
+   });
 });

app/__test__/app/code-only.test.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-import { describe, expect, mock, test } from "bun:test";
+import { describe, expect, mock, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
 import { createApp as internalCreateApp, type CreateAppConfig } from "bknd";
 import { getDummyConnection } from "../../__test__/helper";
 import { ModuleManager } from "modules/ModuleManager";
 import { em, entity, text } from "data/prototype";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 async function createApp(config: CreateAppConfig = {}) {
    const app = internalCreateApp({

app/__test__/app/mcp/mcp.auth.test.ts

@@ -201,7 +201,10 @@ describe("mcp auth", async () => {
          },
          return_config: true,
       });
-      expect(addGuestRole.config.guest.permissions).toEqual(["read", "write"]);
+      expect(addGuestRole.config.guest.permissions.map((p) => p.permission)).toEqual([
+         "read",
+         "write",
+      ]);
 
       // update role
       await tool(server, "config_auth_roles_update", {
@@ -210,13 +213,15 @@ describe("mcp auth", async () => {
             permissions: ["read"],
          },
       });
-      expect(app.toJSON().auth.roles?.guest?.permissions).toEqual(["read"]);
+      expect(app.toJSON().auth.roles?.guest?.permissions?.map((p) => p.permission)).toEqual([
+         "read",
+      ]);
 
       // get role
       const getGuestRole = await tool(server, "config_auth_roles_get", {
          key: "guest",
       });
-      expect(getGuestRole.value.permissions).toEqual(["read"]);
+      expect(getGuestRole.value.permissions.map((p) => p.permission)).toEqual(["read"]);
 
       // remove role
       await tool(server, "config_auth_roles_remove", {

app/__test__/app/mcp/mcp.system.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import { AppEvents } from "App";
-import { describe, test, expect, beforeAll, mock } from "bun:test";
+import { describe, test, expect, beforeAll, mock, afterAll } from "bun:test";
 import { type App, createApp, createMcpToolCaller } from "core/test/utils";
 import type { McpServer } from "bknd/utils";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 /**
  * - [x] system_config

app/__test__/app/modes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { code, hybrid } from "modes";
+
+describe("modes", () => {
+   describe("code", () => {
+      test("verify base configuration", async () => {
+         const c = code({}) as any;
+         const config = await c.app?.({} as any);
+         expect(Object.keys(config)).toEqual(["options"]);
+         expect(config.options.mode).toEqual("code");
+         expect(config.options.plugins).toEqual([]);
+         expect(config.options.manager.skipValidation).toEqual(false);
+         expect(config.options.manager.onModulesBuilt).toBeDefined();
+      });
+
+      test("keeps overrides", async () => {
+         const c = code({
+            connection: {
+               url: ":memory:",
+            },
+         }) as any;
+         const config = await c.app?.({} as any);
+         expect(config.connection.url).toEqual(":memory:");
+      });
+   });
+
+   describe("hybrid", () => {
+      test("fails if no reader is provided", () => {
+         // @ts-ignore
+         expect(hybrid({} as any).app?.({} as any)).rejects.toThrow(/reader/);
+      });
+      test("verify base configuration", async () => {
+         const c = hybrid({ reader: async () => ({}) }) as any;
+         const config = await c.app?.({} as any);
+         expect(Object.keys(config)).toEqual(["reader", "beforeBuild", "config", "options"]);
+         expect(config.options.mode).toEqual("db");
+         expect(config.options.plugins).toEqual([]);
+         expect(config.options.manager.skipValidation).toEqual(false);
+         expect(config.options.manager.onModulesBuilt).toBeDefined();
+      });
+   });
+});

app/__test__/app/repro.spec.ts

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe("repros", async () => {
       expect(app.em.entities.map((e) => e.name)).toEqual(["media", "test"]);
    });
 
-   test.only("verify inversedBy", async () => {
+   test("verify inversedBy", async () => {
       const schema = proto.em(
          {
             products: proto.entity("products", {

app/__test__/auth/Authenticator.spec.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,64 @@
+import { Authenticator } from "auth/authenticate/Authenticator";
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 
-describe("Authenticator", async () => {});
+describe("Authenticator", async () => {
+   test("should return auth cookie headers", async () => {
+      const auth = new Authenticator({}, null as any, {
+         jwt: {
+            secret: "secret",
+            fields: [],
+         },
+         cookie: {
+            sameSite: "strict",
+         },
+      });
+      const headers = await auth.getAuthCookieHeader("token");
+      const cookie = headers.get("Set-Cookie");
+      expect(cookie).toStartWith("auth=");
+      expect(cookie).toEndWith("HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict");
+
+      // now expect it to be removed
+      const headers2 = await auth.removeAuthCookieHeader(headers);
+      const cookie2 = headers2.get("Set-Cookie");
+      expect(cookie2).toStartWith("auth=; Max-Age=0; Path=/; Expires=");
+      expect(cookie2).toEndWith("HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict");
+   });
+
+   test("should return auth cookie string", async () => {
+      const auth = new Authenticator({}, null as any, {
+         jwt: {
+            secret: "secret",
+            fields: [],
+         },
+         cookie: {
+            sameSite: "strict",
+         },
+      });
+      const cookie = await auth.unsafeGetAuthCookie("token");
+      expect(cookie).toStartWith("auth=");
+      expect(cookie).toEndWith("HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict");
+   });
+
+   test("bearer token is case insensitive", async () => {
+      const auth = new Authenticator({}, null as any, {
+         jwt: {
+            secret: "secret",
+            fields: ["sub"],
+         },
+         cookie: {
+            sameSite: "strict",
+         },
+      });
+      const token = await auth.jwt({ sub: "test" });
+
+      const res = await auth.resolveAuthFromRequest(new Headers({
+         Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
+      }));
+      expect((res as any).sub).toBe("test")
+
+      const res2 = await auth.resolveAuthFromRequest(new Headers({
+         Authorization: `bearer ${token}`,
+      }));
+      expect((res2 as any).sub).toBe("test")
+   })
+});

app/__test__/auth/authorize/authorize.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,35 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import { Guard } from "../../../src/auth/authorize/Guard";
+import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { Guard, type GuardConfig } from "auth/authorize/Guard";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { Role, type RoleSchema } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { objectTransform, s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+function createGuard(
+   permissionNames: string[],
+   roles?: Record<string, Omit<RoleSchema, "name">>,
+   config?: GuardConfig,
+) {
+   const _roles = roles
+      ? objectTransform(roles, ({ permissions = [], is_default, implicit_allow }, name) => {
+           return Role.create(name, { permissions, is_default, implicit_allow });
+        })
+      : {};
+   const _permissions = permissionNames.map((name) => new Permission(name));
+   return new Guard(_permissions, Object.values(_roles), config);
+}
 
 describe("authorize", () => {
+   const read = new Permission("read", {
+      filterable: true,
+   });
+   const write = new Permission("write");
+
    test("basic", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(
+      const guard = createGuard(
          ["read", "write"],
          {
             admin: {
@@ -16,14 +42,14 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
          role: "admin",
       };
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read", user)).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write", user)).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, user)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, user)).toBeUndefined();
 
-      expect(() => guard.granted("something")).toThrow();
+      expect(() => guard.granted(new Permission("something"), {})).toThrow();
    });
 
    test("with default", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(
+      const guard = createGuard(
          ["read", "write"],
          {
             admin: {
@@ -37,26 +63,26 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
          { enabled: true },
       );
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read")).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write")).toBe(false);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, {})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(() => guard.granted(write, {})).toThrow();
 
       const user = {
          role: "admin",
       };
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read", user)).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write", user)).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, user)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, user)).toBeUndefined();
    });
 
    test("guard implicit allow", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create([], {}, { enabled: false });
+      const guard = createGuard([], {}, { enabled: false });
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read")).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write")).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, {})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, {})).toBeUndefined();
    });
 
    test("role implicit allow", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(["read", "write"], {
+      const guard = createGuard(["read", "write"], {
          admin: {
             implicit_allow: true,
          },
@@ -66,12 +92,12 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
          role: "admin",
       };
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read", user)).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write", user)).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, user)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, user)).toBeUndefined();
    });
 
    test("guard with guest role implicit allow", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(["read", "write"], {
+      const guard = createGuard(["read", "write"], {
          guest: {
             implicit_allow: true,
             is_default: true,
@@ -79,7 +105,143 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
       });
 
       expect(guard.getUserRole()?.name).toBe("guest");
-      expect(guard.granted("read")).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write")).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, {})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, {})).toBeUndefined();
+   });
+
+   describe("cases", () => {
+      test("guest none, member deny if user.enabled is false", () => {
+         const guard = createGuard(
+            ["read"],
+            {
+               guest: {
+                  is_default: true,
+               },
+               member: {
+                  permissions: [
+                     {
+                        permission: "read",
+                        policies: [
+                           {
+                              condition: {},
+                              effect: "filter",
+                              filter: {
+                                 type: "member",
+                              },
+                           },
+                           {
+                              condition: {
+                                 "user.enabled": false,
+                              },
+                              effect: "deny",
+                           },
+                        ],
+                     },
+                  ],
+               },
+            },
+            { enabled: true },
+         );
+
+         expect(() => guard.granted(read, { role: "guest" })).toThrow();
+
+         // member is allowed, because default role permission effect is allow
+         // and no deny policy is met
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member" })).toBeUndefined();
+
+         // member is allowed, because deny policy is not met
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member", enabled: true })).toBeUndefined();
+
+         // member is denied, because deny policy is met
+         expect(() => guard.granted(read, { role: "member", enabled: false })).toThrow();
+
+         // get the filter for member role
+         expect(guard.filters(read, { role: "member" }).filter).toEqual({
+            type: "member",
+         });
+
+         // get filter for guest
+         expect(guard.filters(read, {}).filter).toBeUndefined();
+      });
+
+      test("guest should only read posts that are public", () => {
+         const read = new Permission(
+            "read",
+            {
+               // make this permission filterable
+               // without this, `filter` policies have no effect
+               filterable: true,
+            },
+            // expect the context to match this schema
+            // otherwise exit with 500 to ensure proper policy checking
+            s.object({
+               entity: s.string(),
+            }),
+         );
+         const guard = createGuard(
+            ["read"],
+            {
+               guest: {
+                  // this permission is applied if no (or invalid) role is provided
+                  is_default: true,
+                  permissions: [
+                     {
+                        permission: "read",
+                        // effect deny means only having this permission, doesn't guarantee access
+                        effect: "deny",
+                        policies: [
+                           {
+                              // only if this condition is met
+                              condition: {
+                                 entity: {
+                                    $in: ["posts"],
+                                 },
+                              },
+                              // the effect is allow
+                              effect: "allow",
+                           },
+                           {
+                              condition: {
+                                 entity: "posts",
+                              },
+                              effect: "filter",
+                              filter: {
+                                 public: true,
+                              },
+                           },
+                        ],
+                     },
+                  ],
+               },
+               // members should be allowed to read all
+               member: {
+                  permissions: [
+                     {
+                        permission: "read",
+                     },
+                  ],
+               },
+            },
+            { enabled: true },
+         );
+
+         // guest can only read posts
+         expect(guard.granted(read, {}, { entity: "posts" })).toBeUndefined();
+         expect(() => guard.granted(read, {}, { entity: "users" })).toThrow();
+
+         // and guests can only read public posts
+         expect(guard.filters(read, {}, { entity: "posts" }).filter).toEqual({
+            public: true,
+         });
+
+         // member can read posts and users
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member" }, { entity: "posts" })).toBeUndefined();
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member" }, { entity: "users" })).toBeUndefined();
+
+         // member should not have a filter
+         expect(
+            guard.filters(read, { role: "member" }, { entity: "posts" }).filter,
+         ).toBeUndefined();
+      });
    });
 });

app/__test__/auth/authorize/data.permissions.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { createApp } from "core/test/utils";
+import type { CreateAppConfig } from "App";
+import * as proto from "data/prototype";
+import { mergeObject } from "core/utils/objects";
+import type { App, DB } from "bknd";
+import type { CreateUserPayload } from "auth/AppAuth";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+async function makeApp(config: Partial<CreateAppConfig["config"]> = {}) {
+   const app = createApp({
+      config: mergeObject(
+         {
+            data: proto
+               .em(
+                  {
+                     users: proto.systemEntity("users", {}),
+                     posts: proto.entity("posts", {
+                        title: proto.text(),
+                        content: proto.text(),
+                     }),
+                     comments: proto.entity("comments", {
+                        content: proto.text(),
+                     }),
+                  },
+                  ({ relation }, { users, posts, comments }) => {
+                     relation(posts).manyToOne(users);
+                     relation(comments).manyToOne(posts);
+                  },
+               )
+               .toJSON(),
+            auth: {
+               enabled: true,
+               jwt: {
+                  secret: "secret",
+               },
+            },
+         },
+         config,
+      ),
+   });
+   await app.build();
+
+   return app;
+}
+
+async function createUsers(app: App, users: CreateUserPayload[]) {
+   return Promise.all(
+      users.map(async (user) => {
+         return await app.createUser(user);
+      }),
+   );
+}
+
+async function loadFixtures(app: App, fixtures: Record<string, any[]> = {}) {
+   const results = {} as any;
+   for (const [entity, data] of Object.entries(fixtures)) {
+      results[entity] = await app.em
+         .mutator(entity as any)
+         .insertMany(data)
+         .then((result) => result.data);
+   }
+   return results;
+}
+
+describe("data permissions", async () => {
+   const app = await makeApp({
+      server: {
+         mcp: {
+            enabled: true,
+         },
+      },
+      auth: {
+         guard: {
+            enabled: true,
+         },
+         roles: {
+            guest: {
+               is_default: true,
+               permissions: [
+                  {
+                     permission: "system.access.api",
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.read",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: {
+                              entity: "posts",
+                           },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.create",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: {
+                              entity: "posts",
+                           },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.update",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: {
+                              entity: "posts",
+                           },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.delete",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: { entity: "posts" },
+                        },
+                        {
+                           condition: { entity: "posts" },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+               ],
+            },
+         },
+      },
+   });
+   const users = [
+      { email: "foo@example.com", password: "password" },
+      { email: "bar@example.com", password: "password" },
+   ];
+   const fixtures = {
+      posts: [
+         { content: "post 1", users_id: 1 },
+         { content: "post 2", users_id: 2 },
+         { content: "post 3", users_id: null },
+      ],
+      comments: [
+         { content: "comment 1", posts_id: 1 },
+         { content: "comment 2", posts_id: 2 },
+         { content: "comment 3", posts_id: 3 },
+      ],
+   };
+   await createUsers(app, users);
+   const results = await loadFixtures(app, fixtures);
+
+   describe("http", async () => {
+      it("read many", async () => {
+         // many only includes posts with users_id is null
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts");
+         const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+         expect(data).toEqual([results.posts[2]]);
+
+         // same with /query
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/query", {
+               method: "POST",
+            });
+            const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+            expect(data).toEqual([results.posts[2]]);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("read one", async () => {
+         // one only includes posts with users_id is null
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1");
+            const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+            expect(res.status).toBe(404);
+            expect(data).toBeUndefined();
+         }
+
+         // read one by allowed id
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/3");
+            const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+            expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(data).toEqual(results.posts[2]);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("read many by reference", async () => {
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1/comments");
+         const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+         expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+         expect(data).toEqual(results.comments.filter((c: any) => c.posts_id === 1));
+      });
+
+      it("mutation create one", async () => {
+         // not allowed
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+               method: "POST",
+               body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 4" }),
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+         }
+         // allowed
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+               method: "POST",
+               body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 4", users_id: null }),
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(201);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("mutation update one", async () => {
+         // update one: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1", {
+            method: "PATCH",
+            body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 4" }),
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+
+         {
+            // update one: allowed
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/3", {
+               method: "PATCH",
+               body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 3 (updated)" }),
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data.content)).toBe("post 3 (updated)");
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("mutation update many", async () => {
+         // update many: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+            method: "PATCH",
+            headers: {
+               "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            },
+            body: JSON.stringify({
+               update: { content: "post 4" },
+               where: { users_id: { $isnull: 0 } },
+            }),
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(200); // because filtered
+         const _data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data.map((p: any) => p.users_id));
+         expect(_data.every((u: any) => u === null)).toBe(true);
+
+         // verify
+         const data = await app.em
+            .repo("posts")
+            .findMany({ select: ["content", "users_id"] })
+            .then((r) => r.data);
+
+         // expect non null users_id to not have content "post 4"
+         expect(
+            data.filter((p: any) => p.users_id !== null).every((p: any) => p.content !== "post 4"),
+         ).toBe(true);
+         // expect null users_id to have content "post 4"
+         expect(
+            data.filter((p: any) => p.users_id === null).every((p: any) => p.content === "post 4"),
+         ).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      const count = async () => {
+         const {
+            data: { count: _count },
+         } = await app.em.repo("posts").count();
+         return _count;
+      };
+      it("mutation delete one", async () => {
+         const initial = await count();
+
+         // delete one: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1", {
+            method: "DELETE",
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+         expect(await count()).toBe(initial);
+
+         {
+            // delete one: allowed
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/3", {
+               method: "DELETE",
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(await count()).toBe(initial - 1);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("mutation delete many", async () => {
+         // delete many: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+            method: "DELETE",
+            headers: {
+               "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            },
+            body: JSON.stringify({
+               where: {},
+            }),
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+
+         // only deleted posts with users_id is null
+         const remaining = await app.em
+            .repo("posts")
+            .findMany()
+            .then((r) => r.data);
+         expect(remaining.every((p: any) => p.users_id !== null)).toBe(true);
+      });
+   });
+});

app/__test__/auth/authorize/http/DataController.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { describe, test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { createAuthTestApp } from "./shared";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+import { em, entity, text } from "data/prototype";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+const schema = em(
+   {
+      posts: entity("posts", {
+         title: text(),
+         content: text(),
+      }),
+      comments: entity("comments", {
+         content: text(),
+      }),
+   },
+   ({ relation }, { posts, comments }) => {
+      relation(posts).manyToOne(comments);
+   },
+);
+
+describe("DataController (auth)", () => {
+   test("reading schema.json", async () => {
+      const { request } = await createAuthTestApp(
+         {
+            permission: ["system.access.api", "data.entity.read", "system.schema.read"],
+            request: new Request("http://localhost/api/data/schema.json"),
+         },
+         {
+            config: { data: schema.toJSON() },
+         },
+      );
+      expect((await request.guest()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.member()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.authorized()).status).toBe(200);
+      expect((await request.admin()).status).toBe(200);
+   });
+});

app/__test__/auth/authorize/http/SystemController.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { describe, test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { createAuthTestApp } from "./shared";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+describe("SystemController (auth)", () => {
+   test("reading info", async () => {
+      const { request } = await createAuthTestApp({
+         permission: ["system.access.api", "system.info"],
+         request: new Request("http://localhost/api/system/info"),
+      });
+      expect((await request.guest()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.member()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.authorized()).status).toBe(200);
+      expect((await request.admin()).status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   test("reading permissions", async () => {
+      const { request } = await createAuthTestApp({
+         permission: ["system.access.api", "system.schema.read"],
+         request: new Request("http://localhost/api/system/permissions"),
+      });
+      expect((await request.guest()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.member()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.authorized()).status).toBe(200);
+      expect((await request.admin()).status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   test("access openapi", async () => {
+      const { request } = await createAuthTestApp({
+         permission: ["system.access.api", "system.openapi"],
+         request: new Request("http://localhost/api/system/openapi.json"),
+      });
+      expect((await request.guest()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.member()).status).toBe(403);
+      expect((await request.authorized()).status).toBe(200);
+      expect((await request.admin()).status).toBe(200);
+   });
+});

app/__test__/auth/authorize/http/shared.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+import { createApp } from "core/test/utils";
+import type { CreateAppConfig } from "App";
+import type { RoleSchema } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { isPlainObject } from "core/utils";
+
+export type AuthTestConfig = {
+   guest?: RoleSchema;
+   member?: RoleSchema;
+   authorized?: RoleSchema;
+};
+
+export async function createAuthTestApp(
+   testConfig: {
+      permission: AuthTestConfig | string | string[];
+      request: Request;
+   },
+   config: Partial<CreateAppConfig> = {},
+) {
+   let member: RoleSchema | undefined;
+   let authorized: RoleSchema | undefined;
+   let guest: RoleSchema | undefined;
+   if (isPlainObject(testConfig.permission)) {
+      if (testConfig.permission.guest)
+         guest = {
+            ...testConfig.permission.guest,
+            is_default: true,
+         };
+      if (testConfig.permission.member) member = testConfig.permission.member;
+      if (testConfig.permission.authorized) authorized = testConfig.permission.authorized;
+   } else {
+      member = {
+         permissions: [],
+      };
+      authorized = {
+         permissions: Array.isArray(testConfig.permission)
+            ? testConfig.permission
+            : [testConfig.permission],
+      };
+      guest = {
+         permissions: [],
+         is_default: true,
+      };
+   }
+
+   console.log("authorized", authorized);
+
+   const app = createApp({
+      ...config,
+      config: {
+         ...config.config,
+         auth: {
+            ...config.config?.auth,
+            enabled: true,
+            guard: {
+               enabled: true,
+               ...config.config?.auth?.guard,
+            },
+            jwt: {
+               ...config.config?.auth?.jwt,
+               secret: "secret",
+            },
+            roles: {
+               ...config.config?.auth?.roles,
+               guest,
+               member,
+               authorized,
+               admin: {
+                  implicit_allow: true,
+               },
+            },
+         },
+      },
+   });
+   await app.build();
+
+   const users = {
+      guest: null,
+      member: await app.createUser({
+         email: "member@test.com",
+         password: "12345678",
+         role: "member",
+      }),
+      authorized: await app.createUser({
+         email: "authorized@test.com",
+         password: "12345678",
+         role: "authorized",
+      }),
+      admin: await app.createUser({
+         email: "admin@test.com",
+         password: "12345678",
+         role: "admin",
+      }),
+   } as const;
+
+   const tokens = {} as Record<keyof typeof users, string>;
+   for (const [key, user] of Object.entries(users)) {
+      if (user) {
+         tokens[key as keyof typeof users] = await app.module.auth.authenticator.jwt(user);
+      }
+   }
+
+   async function makeRequest(user: keyof typeof users, input: string, init: RequestInit = {}) {
+      const headers = new Headers(init.headers ?? {});
+      if (user in tokens) {
+         headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${tokens[user as keyof typeof tokens]}`);
+      }
+      const res = await app.server.request(input, {
+         ...init,
+         headers,
+      });
+
+      let data: any;
+      if (res.headers.get("Content-Type")?.startsWith("application/json")) {
+         data = await res.json();
+      } else if (res.headers.get("Content-Type")?.startsWith("text/")) {
+         data = await res.text();
+      }
+
+      return {
+         status: res.status,
+         ok: res.ok,
+         headers: Object.fromEntries(res.headers.entries()),
+         data,
+      };
+   }
+
+   const requestFn = new Proxy(
+      {},
+      {
+         get(_, prop: keyof typeof users) {
+            return async (input: string, init: RequestInit = {}) => {
+               return makeRequest(prop, input, init);
+            };
+         },
+      },
+   ) as {
+      [K in keyof typeof users]: (
+         input: string,
+         init?: RequestInit,
+      ) => Promise<{
+         status: number;
+         ok: boolean;
+         headers: Record<string, string>;
+         data: any;
+      }>;
+   };
+
+   const request = new Proxy(
+      {},
+      {
+         get(_, prop: keyof typeof users) {
+            return async () => {
+               return makeRequest(prop, testConfig.request.url, {
+                  headers: testConfig.request.headers,
+                  method: testConfig.request.method,
+                  body: testConfig.request.body,
+               });
+            };
+         },
+      },
+   ) as {
+      [K in keyof typeof users]: () => Promise<{
+         status: number;
+         ok: boolean;
+         headers: Record<string, string>;
+         data: any;
+      }>;
+   };
+
+   return { app, users, request, requestFn };
+}

app/__test__/auth/authorize/permissions.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { Policy } from "auth/authorize/Policy";
+import { Hono } from "hono";
+import { getPermissionRoutes, permission } from "auth/middlewares/permission.middleware";
+import { auth } from "auth/middlewares/auth.middleware";
+import { Guard, mergeFilters, type GuardConfig } from "auth/authorize/Guard";
+import { Role, RolePermission } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { Exception } from "bknd";
+import { convert } from "core/object/query/object-query";
+
+describe("Permission", () => {
+   it("works with minimal schema", () => {
+      expect(() => new Permission("test")).not.toThrow();
+   });
+
+   it("parses context", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test3",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.string(),
+         }),
+      );
+
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => p.parseContext({ a: [] })).toThrow();
+      expect(p.parseContext({ a: "test" })).toEqual({ a: "test" });
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(p.parseContext({ a: 1 })).toEqual({ a: "1" });
+   });
+});
+
+describe("Policy", () => {
+   it("works with minimal schema", () => {
+      expect(() => new Policy().toJSON()).not.toThrow();
+   });
+
+   it("checks condition", () => {
+      const p = new Policy({
+         condition: {
+            a: 1,
+         },
+      });
+
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: 1 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: 2 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: 1, b: 1 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({})).toBe(false);
+
+      const p2 = new Policy({
+         condition: {
+            a: { $gt: 1 },
+            $or: {
+               b: { $lt: 2 },
+            },
+         },
+      });
+
+      expect(p2.meetsCondition({ a: 2 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p2.meetsCondition({ a: 1 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p2.meetsCondition({ a: 1, b: 1 })).toBe(true);
+   });
+
+   it("filters", () => {
+      const p = new Policy({
+         filter: {
+            age: { $gt: 18 },
+         },
+      });
+      const subjects = [{ age: 19 }, { age: 17 }, { age: 12 }];
+
+      expect(p.getFiltered(subjects)).toEqual([{ age: 19 }]);
+
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ age: 19 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ age: 17 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ age: 12 })).toBe(false);
+   });
+
+   it("replaces placeholders", () => {
+      const p = new Policy({
+         condition: {
+            a: "@auth.username",
+         },
+         filter: {
+            a: "@auth.username",
+         },
+      });
+      const vars = { auth: { username: "test" } };
+
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: "test" }, vars)).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: "test2" }, vars)).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: "test2" })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ a: "test" }, vars)).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ a: "test2" }, vars)).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ a: "test2" })).toBe(false);
+   });
+});
+
+describe("Guard", () => {
+   it("collects filters", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number(),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: { a: { $eq: 1 } },
+               filter: { foo: "bar" },
+               effect: "filter",
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const guard = new Guard([p], [r], {
+         enabled: true,
+      });
+      expect(guard.filters(p, { role: r.name }, { a: 1 }).filter).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+      expect(guard.filters(p, { role: r.name }, { a: 2 }).filter).toBeUndefined();
+      // if no user context given, filter cannot be applied
+      expect(guard.filters(p, {}, { a: 1 }).filter).toBeUndefined();
+   });
+
+   it("collects filters for default role", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number(),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role(
+         "test",
+         [
+            new RolePermission(p, [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: { a: { $eq: 1 } },
+                  filter: { foo: "bar" },
+                  effect: "filter",
+               }),
+            ]),
+         ],
+         true,
+      );
+      const guard = new Guard([p], [r], {
+         enabled: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(
+         guard.filters(
+            p,
+            {
+               role: r.name,
+            },
+            { a: 1 },
+         ).filter,
+      ).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+      expect(
+         guard.filters(
+            p,
+            {
+               role: r.name,
+            },
+            { a: 2 },
+         ).filter,
+      ).toBeUndefined();
+      // if no user context given, the default role is applied
+      // hence it can be found
+      expect(guard.filters(p, {}, { a: 1 }).filter).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+   });
+
+   it("merges filters correctly", () => {
+      expect(mergeFilters({ foo: "bar" }, { baz: "qux" })).toEqual({
+         foo: { $eq: "bar" },
+         baz: { $eq: "qux" },
+      });
+      expect(mergeFilters({ foo: "bar" }, { baz: { $eq: "qux" } })).toEqual({
+         foo: { $eq: "bar" },
+         baz: { $eq: "qux" },
+      });
+      expect(mergeFilters({ foo: "bar" }, { foo: "baz" })).toEqual({ foo: { $eq: "baz" } });
+
+      expect(mergeFilters({ foo: "bar" }, { foo: { $lt: 1 } })).toEqual({
+         foo: { $eq: "bar", $lt: 1 },
+      });
+
+      // overwrite base $or with priority
+      expect(mergeFilters({ $or: { foo: "one" } }, { foo: "bar" })).toEqual({
+         $or: {
+            foo: {
+               $eq: "bar",
+            },
+         },
+         foo: {
+            $eq: "bar",
+         },
+      });
+
+      // ignore base $or if priority has different key
+      expect(mergeFilters({ $or: { other: "one" } }, { foo: "bar" })).toEqual({
+         $or: {
+            other: {
+               $eq: "one",
+            },
+         },
+         foo: {
+            $eq: "bar",
+         },
+      });
+   });
+});
+
+describe("permission middleware", () => {
+   const makeApp = (
+      permissions: Permission<any, any, any, any>[],
+      roles: Role[] = [],
+      config: Partial<GuardConfig> = {},
+   ) => {
+      const app = {
+         module: {
+            auth: {
+               enabled: true,
+            },
+         },
+         modules: {
+            ctx: () => ({
+               guard: new Guard(permissions, roles, {
+                  enabled: true,
+                  ...config,
+               }),
+            }),
+         },
+      };
+      return new Hono()
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("app", app);
+            await next();
+         })
+         .use(auth())
+         .onError((err, c) => {
+            if (err instanceof Exception) {
+               return c.json(err.toJSON(), err.code as any);
+            }
+            return c.json({ error: err.message }, "code" in err ? (err.code as any) : 500);
+         });
+   };
+
+   it("allows if guard is disabled", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [], { enabled: false }).get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) =>
+         c.text("test"),
+      );
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(await res.text()).toBe("test");
+   });
+
+   it("denies if guard is enabled", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const hono = makeApp([p]).get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+   });
+
+   it("allows if user has (plain) role", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const r = Role.create("test", { permissions: [p.name] });
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r])
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   it("allows if user has role with policy", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: {
+                  a: { $gte: 1 },
+               },
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r], {
+         context: {
+            a: 1,
+         },
+      })
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   it("denies if user with role doesn't meet condition", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(
+            p,
+            [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: {
+                     a: { $lt: 1 },
+                  },
+                  // default effect is allow
+               }),
+            ],
+            // change default effect to deny if no condition is met
+            "deny",
+         ),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r], {
+         context: {
+            a: 1,
+         },
+      })
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+   });
+
+   it("allows if user with role doesn't meet condition (from middleware)", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {},
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number(),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: {
+                  a: { $eq: 1 },
+               },
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r])
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get(
+            "/test",
+            permission(p, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  a: 1,
+               }),
+            }),
+            async (c) => c.text("test"),
+         );
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   it("throws if permission context is invalid", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {},
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number({ minimum: 2 }),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: {
+                  a: { $eq: 1 },
+               },
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r])
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get(
+            "/test",
+            permission(p, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  a: 1,
+               }),
+            }),
+            async (c) => c.text("test"),
+         );
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      // expecting 500 because bknd should have handled it correctly
+      expect(res.status).toBe(500);
+   });
+
+   it("checks context on routes with permissions", async () => {
+      const make = (user: any) => {
+         const p = new Permission(
+            "test",
+            {},
+            s.object({
+               a: s.number(),
+            }),
+         );
+         const r = new Role("test", [
+            new RolePermission(p, [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: {
+                     a: { $eq: 1 },
+                  },
+               }),
+            ]),
+         ]);
+         return makeApp([p], [r])
+            .use(async (c, next) => {
+               // @ts-expect-error
+               c.set("auth", { registered: true, user });
+               await next();
+            })
+            .get(
+               "/valid",
+               permission(p, {
+                  context: (c) => ({
+                     a: 1,
+                  }),
+               }),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            )
+            .get(
+               "/invalid",
+               permission(p, {
+                  // @ts-expect-error
+                  context: (c) => ({
+                     b: "1",
+                  }),
+               }),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            )
+            .get(
+               "/invalid2",
+               permission(p, {
+                  // @ts-expect-error
+                  context: (c) => ({}),
+               }),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            )
+            .get(
+               "/invalid3",
+               // @ts-expect-error
+               permission(p),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            );
+      };
+
+      const hono = make({ id: 0, role: "test" });
+      const valid = await hono.request("/valid");
+      expect(valid.status).toBe(200);
+      const invalid = await hono.request("/invalid");
+      expect(invalid.status).toBe(500);
+      const invalid2 = await hono.request("/invalid2");
+      expect(invalid2.status).toBe(500);
+      const invalid3 = await hono.request("/invalid3");
+      expect(invalid3.status).toBe(500);
+
+      {
+         const hono = make(null);
+         const valid = await hono.request("/valid");
+         expect(valid.status).toBe(403);
+         const invalid = await hono.request("/invalid");
+         expect(invalid.status).toBe(500);
+         const invalid2 = await hono.request("/invalid2");
+         expect(invalid2.status).toBe(500);
+         const invalid3 = await hono.request("/invalid3");
+         expect(invalid3.status).toBe(500);
+      }
+   });
+});
+
+describe("Role", () => {
+   it("serializes and deserializes", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number({ minimum: 2 }),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role(
+         "test",
+         [
+            new RolePermission(p, [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: {
+                     a: { $eq: 1 },
+                  },
+                  effect: "deny",
+                  filter: {
+                     b: { $lt: 1 },
+                  },
+               }),
+            ]),
+         ],
+         true,
+      );
+      const json = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(r.toJSON()));
+      const r2 = Role.create(p.name, json);
+      expect(r2.toJSON()).toEqual(r.toJSON());
+   });
+});

app/__test__/auth/strategies/PasswordStrategy.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { PasswordStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies/PasswordStrategy";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "bun:test";
+
+describe("PasswordStrategy", () => {
+   it("should enforce provided minimum length", async () => {
+      const strategy = new PasswordStrategy({ minLength: 8, hashing: "plain" });
+
+      expect(strategy.verify("password")({} as any)).rejects.toThrow();
+      expect(
+         strategy.verify("password1234")({ strategy_value: "password1234" } as any),
+      ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+   });
+});

app/__test__/core/object/object-query.spec.ts

@@ -66,4 +66,14 @@ describe("object-query", () => {
          expect(result).toBe(expected);
       }
    });
+
+   test("paths", () => {
+      const result = validate({ "user.age": { $lt: 18 } }, { user: { age: 17 } });
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+   });
+
+   test("empty filters", () => {
+      const result = validate({}, { user: { age: 17 } });
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+   });
 });

app/__test__/core/object/query.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import {
+   makeValidator,
+   exp,
+   Expression,
+   isPrimitive,
+   type Primitive,
+} from "../../../src/core/object/query/query";
+
+describe("query", () => {
+   test("isPrimitive", () => {
+      expect(isPrimitive(1)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isPrimitive("1")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isPrimitive(true)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isPrimitive(false)).toBe(true);
+
+      // not primitives
+      expect(isPrimitive(null)).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive(undefined)).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive([])).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive({})).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive(Symbol("test"))).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive(new Date())).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive(new Error())).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive(new Set())).toBe(false);
+      expect(isPrimitive(new Map())).toBe(false);
+   });
+
+   test("strict expression creation", () => {
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp()).toThrow();
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp("")).toThrow();
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp("invalid")).toThrow();
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp("$eq")).toThrow();
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp("$eq", 1)).toThrow();
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp("$eq", () => null)).toThrow();
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => exp("$eq", () => null, 1)).toThrow();
+      expect(
+         exp(
+            "$eq",
+            () => true,
+            () => null,
+         ),
+      ).toBeInstanceOf(Expression);
+   });
+
+   test("$eq is required", () => {
+      expect(() => makeValidator([])).toThrow();
+      expect(() =>
+         makeValidator([
+            exp(
+               "$valid",
+               () => true,
+               () => null,
+            ),
+         ]),
+      ).toThrow();
+      expect(
+         makeValidator([
+            exp(
+               "$eq",
+               () => true,
+               () => null,
+            ),
+         ]),
+      ).toBeDefined();
+   });
+
+   test("validates filter structure", () => {
+      const validator = makeValidator([
+         exp(
+            "$eq",
+            (v: Primitive) => isPrimitive(v),
+            (e, a) => e === a,
+         ),
+         exp(
+            "$like",
+            (v: string) => typeof v === "string",
+            (e, a) => e === a,
+         ),
+      ]);
+
+      // @ts-expect-error intentionally typed as union of given expression keys
+      expect(validator.expressionKeys).toEqual(["$eq", "$like"]);
+
+      // @ts-expect-error "$and" is not allowed
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ $and: {} })).toThrow();
+
+      // @ts-expect-error "$or" must be an object
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ $or: [] })).toThrow();
+
+      // @ts-expect-error "invalid" is not a valid expression key
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ foo: { invalid: "bar" } })).toThrow();
+
+      // @ts-expect-error "invalid" is not a valid expression key
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ foo: { $invalid: "bar" } })).toThrow();
+
+      // @ts-expect-error "null" is not a valid value
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ foo: null })).toThrow();
+
+      // @ts-expect-error only primitives are allowed for $eq
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ foo: { $eq: [] } })).toThrow();
+
+      // @ts-expect-error only strings are allowed for $like
+      expect(() => validator.convert({ foo: { $like: 1 } })).toThrow();
+
+      // undefined values are ignored
+      expect(validator.convert({ foo: undefined })).toEqual({});
+
+      expect(validator.convert({ foo: "bar" })).toEqual({ foo: { $eq: "bar" } });
+      expect(validator.convert({ foo: { $eq: "bar" } })).toEqual({ foo: { $eq: "bar" } });
+      expect(validator.convert({ foo: { $like: "bar" } })).toEqual({ foo: { $like: "bar" } });
+   });
+});

app/__test__/core/utils.spec.ts

@@ -194,6 +194,182 @@ describe("Core Utils", async () => {
             expect(result).toEqual(expected);
          }
       });
+
+      test("recursivelyReplacePlaceholders", () => {
+         // test basic replacement with simple pattern
+         const obj1 = { a: "Hello, {$name}!", b: { c: "Hello, {$name}!" } };
+         const variables1 = { name: "John" };
+         const result1 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj1, /\{\$(\w+)\}/g, variables1);
+         expect(result1).toEqual({ a: "Hello, John!", b: { c: "Hello, John!" } });
+
+         // test the specific example from the user request
+         const obj2 = { some: "value", here: "@auth.user" };
+         const variables2 = { auth: { user: "what" } };
+         const result2 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj2, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables2);
+         expect(result2).toEqual({ some: "value", here: "what" });
+
+         // test with arrays
+         const obj3 = { items: ["@config.name", "static", "@config.version"] };
+         const variables3 = { config: { name: "MyApp", version: "1.0.0" } };
+         const result3 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj3, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables3);
+         expect(result3).toEqual({ items: ["MyApp", "static", "1.0.0"] });
+
+         // test with nested objects and deep paths
+         const obj4 = {
+            user: "@auth.user.name",
+            settings: {
+               theme: "@ui.theme",
+               nested: {
+                  value: "@deep.nested.value",
+               },
+            },
+         };
+         const variables4 = {
+            auth: { user: { name: "Alice" } },
+            ui: { theme: "dark" },
+            deep: { nested: { value: "found" } },
+         };
+         const result4 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj4, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables4);
+         expect(result4).toEqual({
+            user: "Alice",
+            settings: {
+               theme: "dark",
+               nested: {
+                  value: "found",
+               },
+            },
+         });
+
+         // test with missing paths (should return original match)
+         const obj5 = { value: "@missing.path" };
+         const variables5 = { existing: "value" };
+         const result5 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj5, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables5);
+         expect(result5).toEqual({ value: "@missing.path" });
+
+         // test with non-matching strings (should remain unchanged)
+         const obj6 = { value: "normal string", other: "not@matching" };
+         const variables6 = { some: "value" };
+         const result6 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj6, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables6);
+         expect(result6).toEqual({ value: "normal string", other: "not@matching" });
+
+         // test with primitive values (should handle gracefully)
+         expect(
+            utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders("@test.value", /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, {
+               test: { value: "replaced" },
+            }),
+         ).toBe("replaced");
+         expect(utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(123, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, {})).toBe(123);
+         expect(utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(null, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, {})).toBe(null);
+
+         // test type preservation for full string matches
+         const variables7 = { test: { value: 123, flag: true, data: null, arr: [1, 2, 3] } };
+         const result7 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            {
+               number: "@test.value",
+               boolean: "@test.flag",
+               nullValue: "@test.data",
+               array: "@test.arr",
+            },
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables7,
+            null,
+         );
+         expect(result7).toEqual({
+            number: 123,
+            boolean: true,
+            nullValue: null,
+            array: [1, 2, 3],
+         });
+
+         // test partial string replacement (should convert to string)
+         const result8 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            { message: "The value is @test.value!" },
+            /@([a-z\.]+)/g,
+            variables7,
+         );
+         expect(result8).toEqual({ message: "The value is 123!" });
+
+         // test with fallback parameter
+         const obj9 = { user: "@user.id", config: "@config.theme" };
+         const variables9 = {}; // empty context
+         const result9 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj9,
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables9,
+            null,
+         );
+         expect(result9).toEqual({ user: null, config: null });
+
+         // test with fallback for partial matches
+         const obj10 = { message: "Hello @user.name, welcome!" };
+         const variables10 = {}; // empty context
+         const result10 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj10,
+            /@([a-z\.]+)/g,
+            variables10,
+            "Guest",
+         );
+         expect(result10).toEqual({ message: "Hello Guest, welcome!" });
+
+         // test with different fallback types
+         const obj11 = {
+            stringFallback: "@missing.string",
+            numberFallback: "@missing.number",
+            booleanFallback: "@missing.boolean",
+            objectFallback: "@missing.object",
+         };
+         const variables11 = {};
+         const result11 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj11,
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables11,
+            "default",
+         );
+         expect(result11).toEqual({
+            stringFallback: "default",
+            numberFallback: "default",
+            booleanFallback: "default",
+            objectFallback: "default",
+         });
+
+         // test fallback with arrays
+         const obj12 = { items: ["@item1", "@item2", "static"] };
+         const variables12 = { item1: "found" }; // item2 is missing
+         const result12 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj12,
+            /^@([a-zA-Z0-9\.]+)$/,
+            variables12,
+            "missing",
+         );
+         expect(result12).toEqual({ items: ["found", "missing", "static"] });
+
+         // test fallback with nested objects
+         const obj13 = {
+            user: "@user.id",
+            settings: {
+               theme: "@theme.name",
+               nested: {
+                  value: "@deep.value",
+               },
+            },
+         };
+         const variables13 = {}; // empty context
+         const result13 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj13,
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables13,
+            null,
+         );
+         expect(result13).toEqual({
+            user: null,
+            settings: {
+               theme: null,
+               nested: {
+                  value: null,
+               },
+            },
+         });
+      });
    });
 
    describe("file", async () => {
@@ -264,6 +440,35 @@ describe("Core Utils", async () => {
             height: 512,
          });
       });
+
+      test("isFileAccepted", () => {
+         const file = new File([""], "file.txt", {
+            type: "text/plain",
+         });
+         expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "text/plain")).toBe(true);
+         expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "text/plain,text/html")).toBe(true);
+         expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "text/html")).toBe(false);
+
+         {
+            const file = new File([""], "file.jpg", {
+               type: "image/jpeg",
+            });
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "image/jpeg")).toBe(true);
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "image/jpeg,image/png")).toBe(true);
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "image/png")).toBe(false);
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, "image/*")).toBe(true);
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, ".jpg")).toBe(true);
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, ".jpg,.png")).toBe(true);
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, ".png")).toBe(false);
+         }
+
+         {
+            const file = new File([""], "file.png");
+            expect(utils.isFileAccepted(file, undefined as any)).toBe(true);
+         }
+
+         expect(() => utils.isFileAccepted(null as any, "text/plain")).toThrow();
+      });
    });
 
    describe("dates", () => {

app/__test__/data/data.test.ts

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ describe("some tests", async () => {
       const query = await em.repository(users).findId(1);
 
       expect(query.sql).toBe(
-         'select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username", "users"."email" as "email" from "users" where "id" = ? limit ?',
+         'select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username", "users"."email" as "email" from "users" where "id" = ? order by "users"."id" asc limit ? offset ?',
       );
-      expect(query.parameters).toEqual([1, 1]);
+      expect(query.parameters).toEqual([1, 1, 0]);
       expect(query.data).toBeUndefined();
    });
 

app/__test__/data/postgres.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { describe, beforeAll, afterAll, test } from "bun:test";
+import type { PostgresConnection } from "data/connection/postgres/PostgresConnection";
+import { pg, postgresJs } from "bknd";
+import { Pool } from "pg";
+import postgres from "postgres";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog, $waitUntil } from "bknd/utils";
+import { $ } from "bun";
+import { connectionTestSuite } from "data/connection/connection-test-suite";
+import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
+
+const credentials = {
+   host: "localhost",
+   port: 5430,
+   user: "postgres",
+   password: "postgres",
+   database: "bknd",
+};
+
+async function cleanDatabase(connection: InstanceType<typeof PostgresConnection>) {
+   const kysely = connection.kysely;
+
+   // drop all tables+indexes & create new schema
+   await kysely.schema.dropSchema("public").ifExists().cascade().execute();
+   await kysely.schema.dropIndex("public").ifExists().cascade().execute();
+   await kysely.schema.createSchema("public").execute();
+}
+
+async function isPostgresRunning() {
+   try {
+      // Try to actually connect to PostgreSQL
+      const conn = pg({ pool: new Pool(credentials) });
+      await conn.ping();
+      await conn.close();
+      return true;
+   } catch (e) {
+      return false;
+   }
+}
+
+describe("postgres", () => {
+   beforeAll(async () => {
+      if (!(await isPostgresRunning())) {
+         await $`docker run --rm --name bknd-test-postgres -d -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${credentials.password} -e POSTGRES_USER=${credentials.user} -e POSTGRES_DB=${credentials.database} -p ${credentials.port}:5432 postgres:17`;
+         await $waitUntil("Postgres is running", isPostgresRunning, 500, 20);
+         await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 500));
+      }
+
+      disableConsoleLog();
+   }, 30000);
+   afterAll(async () => {
+      if (await isPostgresRunning()) {
+         try {
+            await $`docker stop bknd-test-postgres`;
+         } catch (e) {}
+      }
+
+      enableConsoleLog();
+   });
+
+   describe.serial.each([
+      ["pg", () => pg({ pool: new Pool(credentials) })],
+      ["postgresjs", () => postgresJs({ postgres: postgres(credentials) })],
+   ])("%s", (name, createConnection) => {
+      connectionTestSuite(
+         {
+            ...bunTestRunner,
+            test: test.serial,
+         },
+         {
+            makeConnection: () => {
+               const connection = createConnection();
+               return {
+                  connection,
+                  dispose: async () => {
+                     await cleanDatabase(connection);
+                     await connection.close();
+                  },
+               };
+            },
+            rawDialectDetails: [],
+            disableConsoleLog: false,
+         },
+      );
+   });
+});

app/__test__/data/specs/Repository.spec.ts

@@ -124,6 +124,81 @@ describe("[Repository]", async () => {
             .then((r) => [r.count, r.total]),
       ).resolves.toEqual([undefined, undefined]);
    });
+
+   test("auto join", async () => {
+      const schema = $em(
+         {
+            posts: $entity("posts", {
+               title: $text(),
+               content: $text(),
+            }),
+            comments: $entity("comments", {
+               content: $text(),
+            }),
+            another: $entity("another", {
+               title: $text(),
+            }),
+         },
+         ({ relation }, { posts, comments }) => {
+            relation(comments).manyToOne(posts);
+         },
+      );
+      const em = schema.proto.withConnection(getDummyConnection().dummyConnection);
+      await em.schema().sync({ force: true });
+
+      await em.mutator("posts").insertOne({ title: "post1", content: "content1" });
+      await em
+         .mutator("comments")
+         .insertMany([{ content: "comment1", posts_id: 1 }, { content: "comment2" }] as any);
+
+      const res = await em.repo("comments").findMany({
+         where: {
+            "posts.title": "post1",
+         },
+      });
+      expect(res.data as any).toEqual([
+         {
+            id: 1,
+            content: "comment1",
+            posts_id: 1,
+         },
+      ]);
+
+      {
+         // manual join should still work
+         const res = await em.repo("comments").findMany({
+            join: ["posts"],
+            where: {
+               "posts.title": "post1",
+            },
+         });
+         expect(res.data as any).toEqual([
+            {
+               id: 1,
+               content: "comment1",
+               posts_id: 1,
+            },
+         ]);
+      }
+
+      // inexistent should be detected and thrown
+      expect(
+         em.repo("comments").findMany({
+            where: {
+               "random.title": "post1",
+            },
+         }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(/Invalid where field/);
+
+      // existing alias, but not a relation should throw
+      expect(
+         em.repo("comments").findMany({
+            where: {
+               "another.title": "post1",
+            },
+         }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(/Invalid where field/);
+   });
 });
 
 describe("[data] Repository (Events)", async () => {

app/__test__/data/specs/SchemaManager.spec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unresolved
-import { afterAll, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { afterAll, describe, expect, spyOn, test } from "bun:test";
 import { randomString } from "core/utils";
 import { Entity, EntityManager } from "data/entities";
 import { TextField, EntityIndex } from "data/fields";
@@ -268,4 +268,39 @@ describe("SchemaManager tests", async () => {
       const diffAfter = await em.schema().getDiff();
       expect(diffAfter.length).toBe(0);
    });
+
+   test("returns statements", async () => {
+      const amount = 5;
+      const entities = new Array(amount)
+         .fill(0)
+         .map(() => new Entity(randomString(16), [new TextField("text")]));
+      const em = new EntityManager(entities, dummyConnection);
+      const statements = await em.schema().sync({ force: true });
+      expect(statements.length).toBe(amount);
+      expect(statements.every((stmt) => Object.keys(stmt).join(",") === "sql,parameters")).toBe(
+         true,
+      );
+   });
+
+   test("batches statements", async () => {
+      const { dummyConnection } = getDummyConnection();
+      const entities = new Array(20)
+         .fill(0)
+         .map(() => new Entity(randomString(16), [new TextField("text")]));
+      const em = new EntityManager(entities, dummyConnection);
+      const spy = spyOn(em.connection, "executeQueries");
+      const statements = await em.schema().sync();
+      expect(statements.length).toBe(entities.length);
+      expect(statements.every((stmt) => Object.keys(stmt).join(",") === "sql,parameters")).toBe(
+         true,
+      );
+      await em.schema().sync({ force: true });
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const tables = await em.connection.kysely
+         .selectFrom("sqlite_master")
+         .where("type", "=", "table")
+         .selectAll()
+         .execute();
+      expect(tables.length).toBe(entities.length + 1); /* 1+ for sqlite_sequence */
+   });
 });

app/__test__/data/specs/WithBuilder.spec.ts

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe("[data] WithBuilder", async () => {
       const res2 = qb2.compile();
 
       expect(res2.sql).toBe(
-         'select (select json_object(\'id\', "obj"."id", \'username\', "obj"."username") from (select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username" from "users" as "author" where "author"."id" = "posts"."author_id" order by "users"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "author" from "posts"',
+         'select (select json_object(\'id\', "obj"."id", \'username\', "obj"."username") from (select "author"."id" as "id", "author"."username" as "username" from "users" as "author" where "author"."id" = "posts"."author_id" order by "author"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "author" from "posts"',
       );
       expect(res2.parameters).toEqual([1]);
    });
@@ -192,9 +192,7 @@ describe("[data] WithBuilder", async () => {
          { single: {} },
       );
       const res = qb.compile();
-      expect(res.sql).toBe(
-         'select (select json_object(\'id\', "obj"."id", \'path\', "obj"."path") from (select "media"."id" as "id", "media"."path" as "path" from "media" where "media"."reference" = ? and "categories"."id" = "media"."entity_id" order by "media"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "single" from "categories"',
-      );
+      expect(res.sql).toMatchSnapshot();
       expect(res.parameters).toEqual(["categories.single", 1]);
 
       const qb2 = WithBuilder.addClause(
@@ -204,9 +202,7 @@ describe("[data] WithBuilder", async () => {
          { multiple: {} },
       );
       const res2 = qb2.compile();
-      expect(res2.sql).toBe(
-         'select (select coalesce(json_group_array(json_object(\'id\', "agg"."id", \'path\', "agg"."path")), \'[]\') from (select "media"."id" as "id", "media"."path" as "path" from "media" where "media"."reference" = ? and "categories"."id" = "media"."entity_id" order by "media"."id" asc limit ? offset ?) as agg) as "multiple" from "categories"',
-      );
+      expect(res2.sql).toMatchSnapshot();
       expect(res2.parameters).toEqual(["categories.multiple", 10, 0]);
    });
 
@@ -271,9 +267,7 @@ describe("[data] WithBuilder", async () => {
          );
 
          //prettyPrintQb(qb);
-         expect(qb.compile().sql).toBe(
-            'select (select json_object(\'id\', "obj"."id", \'username\', "obj"."username", \'avatar\', "obj"."avatar") from (select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username", (select json_object(\'id\', "obj"."id", \'path\', "obj"."path") from (select "media"."id" as "id", "media"."path" as "path" from "media" where "media"."reference" = ? and "users"."id" = "media"."entity_id" order by "media"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "avatar" from "users" as "users" where "users"."id" = "posts"."users_id" order by "users"."username" asc limit ?) as obj) as "users" from "posts"',
-         );
+         expect(qb.compile().sql).toMatchSnapshot();
          expect(qb.compile().parameters).toEqual(["users.avatar", 1, 1]);
       });
 
@@ -313,9 +307,7 @@ describe("[data] WithBuilder", async () => {
             },
          );
 
-         expect(qb.compile().sql).toBe(
-            'select (select coalesce(json_group_array(json_object(\'id\', "agg"."id", \'posts_id\', "agg"."posts_id", \'users_id\', "agg"."users_id", \'users\', "agg"."users")), \'[]\') from (select "comments"."id" as "id", "comments"."posts_id" as "posts_id", "comments"."users_id" as "users_id", (select json_object(\'username\', "obj"."username") from (select "users"."username" as "username" from "users" as "users" where "users"."id" = "comments"."users_id" order by "users"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "users" from "comments" as "comments" where "comments"."posts_id" = "posts"."id" order by "comments"."id" asc limit ? offset ?) as agg) as "comments" from "posts"',
-         );
+         expect(qb.compile().sql).toMatchSnapshot();
          expect(qb.compile().parameters).toEqual([1, 12, 0]);
       });
 

app/__test__/data/specs/__snapshots__/WithBuilder.spec.ts.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Bun Snapshot v1, https://bun.sh/docs/test/snapshots
+
+exports[`[data] WithBuilder recursive compiles with singles 1`] = `"select (select json_object('id', "obj"."id", 'username', "obj"."username", 'avatar', "obj"."avatar") from (select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username", (select json_object('id', "obj"."id", 'path', "obj"."path") from (select "avatar"."id" as "id", "avatar"."path" as "path" from "media" where "media"."reference" = ? and "users"."id" = "media"."entity_id" order by "avatar"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "avatar" from "users" as "users" where "users"."id" = "posts"."users_id" order by "users"."username" asc limit ?) as obj) as "users" from "posts""`;
+
+exports[`[data] WithBuilder recursive compiles with many 1`] = `"select (select coalesce(json_group_array(json_object('id', "agg"."id", 'posts_id', "agg"."posts_id", 'users_id', "agg"."users_id", 'users', "agg"."users")), '[]') from (select "comments"."id" as "id", "comments"."posts_id" as "posts_id", "comments"."users_id" as "users_id", (select json_object('username', "obj"."username") from (select "users"."username" as "username" from "users" as "users" where "users"."id" = "comments"."users_id" order by "users"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "users" from "comments" as "comments" where "comments"."posts_id" = "posts"."id" order by "comments"."id" asc limit ? offset ?) as agg) as "comments" from "posts""`;
+
+exports[`[data] WithBuilder polymorphic 1`] = `"select (select json_object('id', "obj"."id", 'path', "obj"."path") from (select "single"."id" as "id", "single"."path" as "path" from "media" where "media"."reference" = ? and "categories"."id" = "media"."entity_id" order by "single"."id" asc limit ?) as obj) as "single" from "categories""`;
+
+exports[`[data] WithBuilder polymorphic 2`] = `"select (select coalesce(json_group_array(json_object('id', "agg"."id", 'path', "agg"."path")), '[]') from (select "multiple"."id" as "id", "multiple"."path" as "path" from "media" where "media"."reference" = ? and "categories"."id" = "media"."entity_id" order by "multiple"."id" asc limit ? offset ?) as agg) as "multiple" from "categories""`;

app/__test__/data/specs/connection/SqliteIntrospector.spec.ts

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ describe("SqliteIntrospector", () => {
                   dataType: "INTEGER",
                   isNullable: false,
                   isAutoIncrementing: true,
-                  hasDefaultValue: false,
+                  hasDefaultValue: true,
                   comment: undefined,
                },
                {
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ describe("SqliteIntrospector", () => {
                   dataType: "INTEGER",
                   isNullable: false,
                   isAutoIncrementing: true,
-                  hasDefaultValue: false,
+                  hasDefaultValue: true,
                   comment: undefined,
                },
                {

app/__test__/data/specs/fields/JsonField.spec.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe("[data] JsonField", async () => {
    const field = new JsonField("test");
    fieldTestSuite(bunTestRunner, JsonField, {
       defaultValue: { a: 1 },
-      sampleValues: ["string", { test: 1 }, 1],
+      //sampleValues: ["string", { test: 1 }, 1],
       schemaType: "text",
    });
 
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ describe("[data] JsonField", async () => {
    });
 
    test("getValue", async () => {
-      expect(field.getValue({ test: 1 }, "form")).toBe('{\n  "test": 1\n}');
-      expect(field.getValue("string", "form")).toBe('"string"');
-      expect(field.getValue(1, "form")).toBe("1");
+      expect(field.getValue({ test: 1 }, "form")).toEqual({ test: 1 });
+      expect(field.getValue("string", "form")).toBe("string");
+      expect(field.getValue(1, "form")).toBe(1);
 
       expect(field.getValue('{"test":1}', "submit")).toEqual({ test: 1 });
       expect(field.getValue('"string"', "submit")).toBe("string");
@@ -43,6 +43,5 @@ describe("[data] JsonField", async () => {
 
       expect(field.getValue({ test: 1 }, "table")).toBe('{"test":1}');
       expect(field.getValue("string", "table")).toBe('"string"');
-      expect(field.getValue(1, "form")).toBe("1");
    });
 });

app/__test__/integration/auth.integration.test.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "bun:test";
 import { App, createApp, type AuthResponse } from "../../src";
-import { auth } from "../../src/auth/middlewares";
-import { randomString, secureRandomString, withDisabledConsole } from "../../src/core/utils";
+import { auth } from "../../src/modules/middlewares";
+import {
+   mergeObject,
+   randomString,
+   secureRandomString,
+   withDisabledConsole,
+} from "../../src/core/utils";
 import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
 import { getDummyConnection } from "../helper";
+import type { AppAuthSchema } from "auth/auth-schema";
 
 beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
 afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
@@ -62,12 +68,12 @@ const configs = {
    },
 };
 
-function createAuthApp() {
+function createAuthApp(config?: Partial<AppAuthSchema>) {
    const { dummyConnection } = getDummyConnection();
    const app = createApp({
       connection: dummyConnection,
       config: {
-         auth: configs.auth,
+         auth: mergeObject(configs.auth, config ?? {}),
       },
    });
 
@@ -132,6 +138,16 @@ const fns = <Mode extends "cookie" | "token" = "token">(app: App, mode?: Mode) =
 
          return { res, data };
       },
+      register: async (user: any): Promise<{ res: Response; data: AuthResponse }> => {
+         const res = (await app.server.request("/api/auth/password/register", {
+            method: "POST",
+            headers: headers(),
+            body: body(user),
+         })) as Response;
+         const data = mode === "cookie" ? getCookie(res, "auth") : await res.json();
+
+         return { res, data };
+      },
       me: async (token?: string): Promise<Pick<AuthResponse, "user">> => {
          const res = (await app.server.request("/api/auth/me", {
             method: "GET",
@@ -245,4 +261,61 @@ describe("integration auth", () => {
          expect(await $fns.me()).toEqual({ user: null as any });
       }
    });
+
+   it("should register users with default role", async () => {
+      const app = createAuthApp({ default_role_register: "guest" });
+      await app.build();
+      const $fns = fns(app);
+
+      // takes default role
+      expect(
+         await app
+            .createUser({
+               email: "test@bknd.io",
+               password: "12345678",
+            })
+            .then((r) => r.role),
+      ).toBe("guest");
+
+      // throws error if role doesn't exist
+      expect(
+         app.createUser({
+            email: "test@bknd.io",
+            password: "12345678",
+            role: "doesnt exist",
+         }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow();
+
+      // takes role if provided
+      expect(
+         await app
+            .createUser({
+               email: "test2@bknd.io",
+               password: "12345678",
+               role: "admin",
+            })
+            .then((r) => r.role),
+      ).toBe("admin");
+
+      // registering with role is not allowed
+      expect(
+         await $fns
+            .register({
+               email: "test3@bknd.io",
+               password: "12345678",
+               role: "admin",
+            })
+            .then((r) => r.res.ok),
+      ).toBe(false);
+
+      // takes default role
+      expect(
+         await $fns
+            .register({
+               email: "test3@bknd.io",
+               password: "12345678",
+            })
+            .then((r) => r.data.user.role),
+      ).toBe("guest");
+   });
 });

app/__test__/media/MediaController.spec.ts

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ import type { TAppMediaConfig } from "../../src/media/media-schema";
 import { StorageLocalAdapter } from "adapter/node/storage/StorageLocalAdapter";
 import { assetsPath, assetsTmpPath } from "../helper";
 import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+import * as proto from "data/prototype";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
-   //disableConsoleLog();
+   disableConsoleLog();
    registries.media.register("local", StorageLocalAdapter);
 });
 afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
@@ -128,4 +129,87 @@ describe("MediaController", () => {
       expect(destFile.exists()).resolves.toBe(true);
       await destFile.delete();
    });
+
+   test("entity upload with max_items and overwrite", async () => {
+      const app = createApp({
+         config: {
+            media: mergeObject(
+               {
+                  enabled: true,
+                  adapter: {
+                     type: "local",
+                     config: {
+                        path: assetsTmpPath,
+                     },
+                  },
+               },
+               {},
+            ),
+            data: {
+               entities: {
+                  posts: proto
+                     .entity("posts", {
+                        title: proto.text(),
+                        cover: proto.medium(),
+                     })
+                     .toJSON(),
+               },
+            },
+         },
+      });
+      await app.build();
+
+      // create a post first
+      const createRes = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+         method: "POST",
+         headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+         body: JSON.stringify({ title: "Test Post" }),
+      });
+      expect(createRes.status).toBe(201);
+      const { data: post } = (await createRes.json()) as any;
+
+      const file = Bun.file(path);
+      const uploadedFiles: string[] = [];
+
+      // upload first file to entity (should succeed)
+      const res1 = await app.server.request(`/api/media/entity/posts/${post.id}/cover`, {
+         method: "POST",
+         body: file,
+      });
+      expect(res1.status).toBe(201);
+      const result1 = (await res1.json()) as any;
+      uploadedFiles.push(result1.name);
+
+      // upload second file without overwrite (should fail - max_items reached)
+      const res2 = await app.server.request(`/api/media/entity/posts/${post.id}/cover`, {
+         method: "POST",
+         body: file,
+      });
+      expect(res2.status).toBe(400);
+      const result2 = (await res2.json()) as any;
+      expect(result2.error).toContain("Max items");
+
+      // upload third file with overwrite=true (should succeed and delete old file)
+      const res3 = await app.server.request(
+         `/api/media/entity/posts/${post.id}/cover?overwrite=true`,
+         {
+            method: "POST",
+            body: file,
+         },
+      );
+      expect(res3.status).toBe(201);
+      const result3 = (await res3.json()) as any;
+      uploadedFiles.push(result3.name);
+
+      // verify old file was deleted from storage
+      const oldFile = Bun.file(assetsTmpPath + "/" + uploadedFiles[0]);
+      expect(await oldFile.exists()).toBe(false);
+
+      // verify new file exists
+      const newFile = Bun.file(assetsTmpPath + "/" + uploadedFiles[1]);
+      expect(await newFile.exists()).toBe(true);
+
+      // cleanup
+      await newFile.delete();
+   });
 });

app/__test__/modules/AppAuth.spec.ts

@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
 afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 describe("AppAuth", () => {
-   test.skip("...", () => {
-      const auth = new AppAuth({});
-      console.log(auth.toJSON());
-      console.log(auth.config);
-   });
-
    moduleTestSuite(AppAuth);
 
    let ctx: ModuleBuildContext;
@@ -39,11 +33,9 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
       await auth.build();
 
       const oldConfig = auth.toJSON(true);
-      //console.log(oldConfig);
       await auth.schema().patch("enabled", true);
       await auth.build();
       const newConfig = auth.toJSON(true);
-      //console.log(newConfig);
       expect(newConfig.jwt.secret).not.toBe(oldConfig.jwt.secret);
    });
 
@@ -69,7 +61,6 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
       const app = new AuthController(auth).getController();
 
       {
-         disableConsoleLog();
          const res = await app.request("/password/register", {
             method: "POST",
             headers: {
@@ -80,7 +71,6 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
                password: "12345678",
             }),
          });
-         enableConsoleLog();
          expect(res.status).toBe(200);
 
          const { data: users } = await ctx.em.repository("users").findMany();
@@ -119,7 +109,6 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
       const app = new AuthController(auth).getController();
 
       {
-         disableConsoleLog();
          const res = await app.request("/password/register", {
             method: "POST",
             headers: {
@@ -130,7 +119,6 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
                password: "12345678",
             }),
          });
-         enableConsoleLog();
          expect(res.status).toBe(200);
 
          const { data: users } = await ctx.em.repository("users").findMany();
@@ -161,7 +149,7 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
       });
 
       await app.build();
-      app.registerAdminController();
+      app.registerAdminController({ forceDev: true });
       const spy = spyOn(app.module.auth.authenticator, "requestCookieRefresh");
 
       // register custom route
@@ -235,4 +223,32 @@ describe("AppAuth", () => {
          }
       }
    });
+
+   test("default role for registration must be a valid role", async () => {
+      const app = createApp({
+         config: {
+            auth: {
+               enabled: true,
+               jwt: {
+                  secret: "123456",
+               },
+               allow_register: true,
+               roles: {
+                  guest: {
+                     is_default: true,
+                  },
+               },
+            },
+         },
+      });
+
+      await app.build();
+
+      const auth = app.module.auth;
+      // doesn't allow invalid role
+      expect(auth.schema().patch("default_role_register", "admin")).rejects.toThrow();
+      // allows valid role
+      await auth.schema().patch("default_role_register", "guest");
+      expect(auth.toJSON().default_role_register).toBe("guest");
+   });
 });

app/__test__/modules/AppMedia.spec.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { describe, expect, test, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
 import { createApp } from "core/test/utils";
 import { em, entity, text } from "data/prototype";
 import { registries } from "modules/registries";
 import { StorageLocalAdapter } from "adapter/node/storage/StorageLocalAdapter";
 import { AppMedia } from "../../src/media/AppMedia";
 import { moduleTestSuite } from "./module-test-suite";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 describe("AppMedia", () => {
    test.skip("...", () => {

app/__test__/modules/DbModuleManager.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-import { it, expect, describe } from "bun:test";
+import { it, expect, describe, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
 import { DbModuleManager } from "modules/db/DbModuleManager";
 import { getDummyConnection } from "../helper";
 import { TABLE_NAME } from "modules/db/migrations";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 describe("DbModuleManager", () => {
    it("should extract secrets", async () => {

app/__test__/modules/ModuleManager.spec.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { s, stripMark } from "core/utils/schema";
 import { Connection } from "data/connection/Connection";
 import { entity, text } from "data/prototype";
 
-beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+beforeAll(() => disableConsoleLog());
 afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 describe("ModuleManager", async () => {
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ describe("ModuleManager", async () => {
             },
          },
       } as any;
-      //const { version, ...json } = mm.toJSON() as any;
 
       const { dummyConnection } = getDummyConnection();
       const db = dummyConnection.kysely;
@@ -97,10 +96,6 @@ describe("ModuleManager", async () => {
 
       await mm2.build();
 
-      /* console.log({
-         json,
-         configs: mm2.configs(),
-      }); */
       //expect(stripMark(json)).toEqual(stripMark(mm2.configs()));
       expect(mm2.configs().data.entities?.test).toBeDefined();
       expect(mm2.configs().data.entities?.test?.fields?.content).toBeDefined();
@@ -228,8 +223,6 @@ describe("ModuleManager", async () => {
       const c = getDummyConnection();
       const mm = new ModuleManager(c.dummyConnection);
       await mm.build();
-      console.log("==".repeat(30));
-      console.log("");
       const json = mm.configs();
 
       const c2 = getDummyConnection();
@@ -275,7 +268,6 @@ describe("ModuleManager", async () => {
          }
 
          override async build() {
-            //console.log("building FailingModule", this.config);
             if (this.config.value && this.config.value < 0) {
                throw new Error("value must be positive, given: " + this.config.value);
             }
@@ -296,9 +288,6 @@ describe("ModuleManager", async () => {
          }
       }
 
-      beforeEach(() => disableConsoleLog(["log", "warn", "error"]));
-      afterEach(enableConsoleLog);
-
       test("it builds", async () => {
          const { dummyConnection } = getDummyConnection();
          const mm = new TestModuleManager(dummyConnection);

app/__test__/ui/client/utils/AppReduced.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import { AppReduced, type AppType } from "ui/client/utils/AppReduced";
+import type { BkndAdminProps } from "ui/Admin";
+
+// Import the normalizeAdminPath function for testing
+// Note: This assumes the function is exported or we need to test it indirectly through public methods
+
+describe("AppReduced", () => {
+   let mockAppJson: AppType;
+   let appReduced: AppReduced;
+
+   beforeEach(() => {
+      mockAppJson = {
+         data: {
+            entities: {},
+            relations: {},
+         },
+         flows: {
+            flows: {},
+         },
+         auth: {},
+      } as AppType;
+   });
+
+   describe("getSettingsPath", () => {
+      it("should return settings path with basepath", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath();
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings");
+      });
+
+      it("should return settings path with empty basepath", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath();
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/settings");
+      });
+
+      it("should append additional path segments", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath(["user", "profile"]);
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings/user/profile");
+      });
+
+      it("should normalize multiple slashes", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "//admin//",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath(["//user//"]);
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings/user");
+      });
+
+      it("should handle basepath without leading slash", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath();
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings");
+      });
+   });
+
+   describe("getAbsolutePath", () => {
+      it("should return absolute path with basepath", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath("dashboard");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/dashboard");
+      });
+
+      it("should return base path when no path provided", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath();
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin");
+      });
+
+      it("should normalize paths correctly", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "//admin//",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath("//dashboard//");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/dashboard");
+      });
+   });
+
+   describe("options getter", () => {
+      it("should return merged options with defaults", () => {
+         const customOptions: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/custom-admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/custom-home",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, customOptions);
+         const options = appReduced.options;
+
+         expect(options).toEqual({
+            logo_return_path: "/custom-home",
+            basepath: "/custom-admin",
+         });
+      });
+
+      it("should use default logo_return_path when not provided", () => {
+         const customOptions: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, customOptions);
+         const options = appReduced.options;
+
+         expect(options.logo_return_path).toBe("/");
+         expect(options.basepath).toBe("/admin");
+      });
+   });
+
+   describe("path normalization behavior", () => {
+      it("should normalize duplicate slashes in settings path", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath(["//nested//path//"]);
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings/nested/path");
+      });
+
+      it("should handle root path normalization", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath();
+
+         // The normalizeAdminPath function removes trailing slashes except for root "/"
+         // When basepath is "/", the result is "~/" which becomes "~" after normalization
+         expect(result).toBe("~");
+      });
+
+      it("should preserve entity paths ending with slash", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath("entity/");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/entity");
+      });
+
+      it("should remove trailing slashes from non-entity paths", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath("dashboard/");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/dashboard");
+      });
+   });
+
+   describe("withBasePath - double slash fix (admin_basepath with trailing slash)", () => {
+      it("should not produce double slashes when admin_basepath has trailing slash", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.withBasePath("/data");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("/admin/data");
+         expect(result).not.toContain("//");
+      });
+
+      it("should work correctly when admin_basepath has no trailing slash", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.withBasePath("/data");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("/admin/data");
+      });
+
+      it("should handle absolute paths with admin_basepath trailing slash", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getAbsolutePath("data");
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/data");
+         expect(result).not.toContain("//");
+      });
+
+      it("should handle settings path with admin_basepath trailing slash", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath(["general"]);
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings/general");
+         expect(result).not.toContain("//");
+      });
+   });
+
+   describe("edge cases", () => {
+      it("should handle undefined basepath", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath();
+
+         // When basepath is undefined, it defaults to empty string
+         expect(result).toBe("~/settings");
+      });
+
+      it("should handle null path segments", () => {
+         const options: BkndAdminProps["config"] = {
+            basepath: "/admin",
+            logo_return_path: "/",
+         };
+
+         appReduced = new AppReduced(mockAppJson, options);
+         const result = appReduced.getSettingsPath(["", "valid", ""]);
+
+         expect(result).toBe("~/admin/settings/valid");
+      });
+   });
+});

app/build.cli.ts

@@ -1,30 +1,10 @@
 import pkg from "./package.json" with { type: "json" };
 import c from "picocolors";
 import { formatNumber } from "bknd/utils";
-import * as esbuild from "esbuild";
 
 const deps = Object.keys(pkg.dependencies);
 const external = ["jsonv-ts/*", "wrangler", "bknd", "bknd/*", ...deps];
 
-if (process.env.DEBUG) {
-   const result = await esbuild.build({
-      entryPoints: ["./src/cli/index.ts"],
-      outdir: "./dist/cli",
-      platform: "node",
-      minify: true,
-      format: "esm",
-      metafile: true,
-      bundle: true,
-      external,
-      define: {
-         __isDev: "0",
-         __version: JSON.stringify(pkg.version),
-      },
-   });
-   await Bun.write("./dist/cli/metafile-esm.json", JSON.stringify(result.metafile, null, 2));
-   process.exit(0);
-}
-
 const result = await Bun.build({
    entrypoints: ["./src/cli/index.ts"],
    target: "node",

app/build.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { $ } from "bun";
 import * as tsup from "tsup";
 import pkg from "./package.json" with { type: "json" };
 import c from "picocolors";
+import { watch as fsWatch, readdirSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
 
 const args = process.argv.slice(2);
 const watch = args.includes("--watch");
@@ -12,157 +14,178 @@ const clean = args.includes("--clean");
 
 // silence tsup
 const oldConsole = {
-   log: console.log,
-   warn: console.warn,
+  log: console.log,
+  warn: console.warn,
 };
 console.log = () => {};
 console.warn = () => {};
 
 const define = {
-   __isDev: "0",
-   __version: JSON.stringify(pkg.version),
+  __isDev: "0",
+  __version: JSON.stringify(pkg.version),
 };
 
 if (clean) {
    console.info("Cleaning dist (w/o static)");
-   await $`find dist -mindepth 1 ! -path "dist/static/*" ! -path "dist/static" -exec rm -rf {} +`;
+   // Cross-platform clean: remove all files/folders in dist except static
+   const distPath = join(import.meta.dir, "dist");
+   try {
+      const entries = readdirSync(distPath);
+      for (const entry of entries) {
+         if (entry === "static") continue;
+         const entryPath = join(distPath, entry);
+         rmSync(entryPath, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      }
+   } catch (e) {
+      // dist may not exist yet, ignore
+   }
 }
 
 let types_running = false;
 function buildTypes() {
-   if (types_running || !types) return;
-   types_running = true;
+  if (types_running || !types) return;
+  types_running = true;
 
-   Bun.spawn(["bun", "build:types"], {
-      stdout: "inherit",
-      onExit: () => {
-         oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Types]"), c.green("built"));
-         Bun.spawn(["bun", "tsc-alias"], {
-            stdout: "inherit",
-            onExit: () => {
-               oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Types]"), c.green("aliased"));
-               types_running = false;
-            },
-         });
-      },
-   });
+  Bun.spawn(["bun", "build:types"], {
+    stdout: "inherit",
+    onExit: () => {
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Types]"), c.green("built"));
+      Bun.spawn(["bun", "tsc-alias"], {
+        stdout: "inherit",
+        onExit: () => {
+          oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Types]"), c.green("aliased"));
+          types_running = false;
+        },
+      });
+    },
+  });
 }
 
 if (types && !watch) {
-   buildTypes();
+  buildTypes();
 }
 
 let watcher_timeout: any;
 function delayTypes() {
-   if (!watch || !types) return;
-   if (watcher_timeout) {
-      clearTimeout(watcher_timeout);
-   }
-   watcher_timeout = setTimeout(buildTypes, 1000);
+  if (!watch || !types) return;
+  if (watcher_timeout) {
+    clearTimeout(watcher_timeout);
+  }
+  watcher_timeout = setTimeout(buildTypes, 1000);
 }
 
 const dependencies = Object.keys(pkg.dependencies);
 
 // collection of always-external packages
 const external = [
-   ...dependencies,
-   "bun:test",
-   "node:test",
-   "node:assert/strict",
-   "@libsql/client",
-   "bknd",
-   /^bknd\/.*/,
-   "jsonv-ts",
-   /^jsonv-ts\/.*/,
+  ...dependencies,
+  "bun:test",
+  "node:test",
+  "node:assert/strict",
+  "@libsql/client",
+  "bknd",
+  /^bknd\/.*/,
+  "jsonv-ts",
+  /^jsonv-ts\/.*/,
 ] as const;
 
 /**
  * Building backend and general API
  */
 async function buildApi() {
-   await tsup.build({
-      minify,
-      sourcemap,
-      watch,
-      define,
-      entry: ["src/index.ts", "src/core/utils/index.ts", "src/plugins/index.ts"],
-      outDir: "dist",
-      external: [...external],
-      metafile: true,
-      target: "esnext",
-      platform: "browser",
-      format: ["esm"],
-      splitting: false,
-      loader: {
-         ".svg": "dataurl",
-      },
-      onSuccess: async () => {
-         delayTypes();
-         oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[API]"), c.green("built"));
-      },
-   });
+  await tsup.build({
+    minify,
+    sourcemap,
+    // don't use tsup's broken watch, we'll handle it ourselves
+    watch: false,
+    define,
+    entry: [
+      "src/index.ts",
+      "src/core/utils/index.ts",
+      "src/plugins/index.ts",
+      "src/modes/index.ts",
+    ],
+    outDir: "dist",
+    external: [...external],
+    metafile: true,
+    target: "esnext",
+    platform: "browser",
+    removeNodeProtocol: false,
+    format: ["esm"],
+    splitting: false,
+    loader: {
+      ".svg": "dataurl",
+    },
+    onSuccess: async () => {
+      delayTypes();
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[API]"), c.green("built"));
+    },
+  });
 }
 
 async function rewriteClient(path: string) {
-   const bundle = await Bun.file(path).text();
-   await Bun.write(path, '"use client";\n' + bundle.replaceAll("ui/client", "bknd/client"));
+  const bundle = await Bun.file(path).text();
+  await Bun.write(
+    path,
+    '"use client";\n' + bundle.replaceAll("ui/client", "bknd/client"),
+  );
 }
 
 /**
  * Building UI for direct imports
  */
 async function buildUi() {
-   const base = {
-      minify,
-      sourcemap,
-      watch,
-      define,
-      external: [
-         ...external,
-         "react",
-         "react-dom",
-         "react/jsx-runtime",
-         "react/jsx-dev-runtime",
-         "use-sync-external-store",
-         /codemirror/,
-         "@xyflow/react",
-         "@mantine/core",
-      ],
-      metafile: true,
-      platform: "browser",
-      format: ["esm"],
-      splitting: false,
-      bundle: true,
-      treeshake: true,
-      loader: {
-         ".svg": "dataurl",
-      },
-      esbuildOptions: (options) => {
-         options.logLevel = "silent";
-      },
-   } satisfies tsup.Options;
+  const base = {
+    minify,
+    sourcemap,
+    watch: false,
+    define,
+    external: [
+      ...external,
+      "react",
+      "react-dom",
+      "react/jsx-runtime",
+      "react/jsx-dev-runtime",
+      "use-sync-external-store",
+      /codemirror/,
+      "@xyflow/react",
+      "@mantine/core",
+    ],
+    metafile: true,
+    platform: "browser",
+    format: ["esm"],
+    splitting: false,
+    bundle: true,
+    treeshake: true,
+    loader: {
+      ".svg": "dataurl",
+    },
+    esbuildOptions: (options) => {
+      options.logLevel = "silent";
+    },
+  } satisfies tsup.Options;
 
-   await tsup.build({
-      ...base,
-      entry: ["src/ui/index.ts", "src/ui/main.css", "src/ui/styles.css"],
-      outDir: "dist/ui",
-      onSuccess: async () => {
-         await rewriteClient("./dist/ui/index.js");
-         delayTypes();
-         oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[UI]"), c.green("built"));
-      },
-   });
+  await tsup.build({
+    ...base,
+    entry: ["src/ui/index.ts", "src/ui/main.css", "src/ui/styles.css"],
+    outDir: "dist/ui",
+    onSuccess: async () => {
+      await rewriteClient("./dist/ui/index.js");
+      delayTypes();
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[UI]"), c.green("built"));
+    },
+  });
 
-   await tsup.build({
-      ...base,
-      entry: ["src/ui/client/index.ts"],
-      outDir: "dist/ui/client",
-      onSuccess: async () => {
-         await rewriteClient("./dist/ui/client/index.js");
-         delayTypes();
-         oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[UI]"), "Client", c.green("built"));
-      },
-   });
+  await tsup.build({
+    ...base,
+    entry: ["src/ui/client/index.ts"],
+    outDir: "dist/ui/client",
+    onSuccess: async () => {
+      await rewriteClient("./dist/ui/client/index.js");
+      delayTypes();
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[UI]"), "Client", c.green("built"));
+    },
+  });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -171,153 +194,243 @@ async function buildUi() {
  * - ui/client is external, and after built replaced with "bknd/client"
  */
 async function buildUiElements() {
-   await tsup.build({
-      minify,
-      sourcemap,
-      watch,
-      define,
-      entry: ["src/ui/elements/index.ts"],
-      outDir: "dist/ui/elements",
-      external: [
-         "ui/client",
-         "react",
-         "react-dom",
-         "react/jsx-runtime",
-         "react/jsx-dev-runtime",
-         "use-sync-external-store",
-      ],
-      metafile: true,
-      platform: "browser",
-      format: ["esm"],
-      splitting: false,
-      bundle: true,
-      treeshake: true,
-      loader: {
-         ".svg": "dataurl",
-      },
-      esbuildOptions: (options) => {
-         options.alias = {
-            // not important for elements, mock to reduce bundle
-            "tailwind-merge": "./src/ui/elements/mocks/tailwind-merge.ts",
-         };
-      },
-      onSuccess: async () => {
-         await rewriteClient("./dist/ui/elements/index.js");
-         delayTypes();
-         oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[UI]"), "Elements", c.green("built"));
-      },
-   });
+  await tsup.build({
+    minify,
+    sourcemap,
+    watch: false,
+    define,
+    entry: ["src/ui/elements/index.ts"],
+    outDir: "dist/ui/elements",
+    external: [
+      "ui/client",
+      "bknd",
+      /^bknd\/.*/,
+      "wouter",
+      "react",
+      "react-dom",
+      "react/jsx-runtime",
+      "react/jsx-dev-runtime",
+      "use-sync-external-store",
+    ],
+    metafile: true,
+    platform: "browser",
+    format: ["esm"],
+    splitting: false,
+    bundle: true,
+    treeshake: true,
+    loader: {
+      ".svg": "dataurl",
+    },
+    esbuildOptions: (options) => {
+      options.alias = {
+        // not important for elements, mock to reduce bundle
+        "tailwind-merge": "./src/ui/elements/mocks/tailwind-merge.ts",
+      };
+    },
+    onSuccess: async () => {
+      await rewriteClient("./dist/ui/elements/index.js");
+      delayTypes();
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[UI]"), "Elements", c.green("built"));
+    },
+  });
 }
 
 /**
  * Building adapters
  */
-function baseConfig(adapter: string, overrides: Partial<tsup.Options> = {}): tsup.Options {
-   return {
-      minify,
-      sourcemap,
-      watch,
-      entry: [`src/adapter/${adapter}/index.ts`],
-      format: ["esm"],
-      platform: "neutral",
-      outDir: `dist/adapter/${adapter}`,
-      metafile: true,
-      splitting: false,
-      onSuccess: async () => {
-         delayTypes();
-         oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Adapter]"), adapter || "base", c.green("built"));
-      },
-      ...overrides,
-      define: {
-         ...define,
-         ...overrides.define,
-      },
-      external: [
-         /^cloudflare*/,
-         /^@?hono.*?/,
-         /^(bknd|react|next|node).*?/,
-         /.*\.(html)$/,
-         ...external,
-         ...(Array.isArray(overrides.external) ? overrides.external : []),
-      ],
-   };
+function baseConfig(
+  adapter: string,
+  overrides: Partial<tsup.Options> = {},
+): tsup.Options {
+  return {
+    minify,
+    sourcemap,
+    watch: false,
+    entry: [`src/adapter/${adapter}/index.ts`],
+    format: ["esm"],
+    platform: "neutral",
+    outDir: `dist/adapter/${adapter}`,
+    metafile: true,
+    splitting: false,
+    removeNodeProtocol: false,
+    onSuccess: async () => {
+      delayTypes();
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Adapter]"), adapter || "base", c.green("built"));
+    },
+    ...overrides,
+    define: {
+      ...define,
+      ...overrides.define,
+    },
+    external: [
+      /^cloudflare*/,
+      /^@?hono.*?/,
+      /^(bknd|react|next|node).*?/,
+      /.*\.(html)$/,
+      ...external,
+      ...(Array.isArray(overrides.external) ? overrides.external : []),
+    ],
+  };
 }
 
 async function buildAdapters() {
-   await Promise.all([
-      // base adapter handles
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig(""),
-         target: "esnext",
-         platform: "neutral",
-         entry: ["src/adapter/index.ts"],
-         outDir: "dist/adapter",
-         // only way to keep @vite-ignore comments
-         minify: false,
-      }),
+  await Promise.all([
+    // base adapter handles
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig(""),
+      target: "esnext",
+      platform: "neutral",
+      entry: ["src/adapter/index.ts"],
+      outDir: "dist/adapter",
+      // only way to keep @vite-ignore comments
+      minify: false,
+    }),
 
-      // specific adatpers
-      tsup.build(baseConfig("react-router")),
-      tsup.build(
-         baseConfig("bun", {
-            external: [/^bun\:.*/],
-         }),
-      ),
-      tsup.build(baseConfig("astro")),
-      tsup.build(baseConfig("aws")),
-      tsup.build(
-         baseConfig("cloudflare", {
-            external: ["wrangler", "node:process"],
-         }),
-      ),
-      tsup.build(
-         baseConfig("cloudflare/proxy", {
-            target: "esnext",
-            entry: ["src/adapter/cloudflare/proxy.ts"],
-            outDir: "dist/adapter/cloudflare",
-            metafile: false,
-            external: [/bknd/, "wrangler", "node:process"],
-         }),
-      ),
-
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig("vite"),
-         platform: "node",
+    // specific adatpers
+    tsup.build(baseConfig("react-router")),
+    tsup.build(
+      baseConfig("browser", {
+        external: [/^sqlocal\/?.*?/, "wouter"],
       }),
-
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig("nextjs"),
-         platform: "node",
+    ),
+    tsup.build(
+      baseConfig("bun", {
+        external: [/^bun\:.*/],
       }),
-
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig("node"),
-         platform: "node",
+    ),
+    tsup.build(baseConfig("astro")),
+    tsup.build(baseConfig("aws")),
+    tsup.build(
+      baseConfig("cloudflare", {
+        external: ["wrangler", "node:process"],
       }),
-
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig("sqlite/edge"),
-         entry: ["src/adapter/sqlite/edge.ts"],
-         outDir: "dist/adapter/sqlite",
-         metafile: false,
+    ),
+    tsup.build(
+      baseConfig("cloudflare/proxy", {
+        target: "esnext",
+        entry: ["src/adapter/cloudflare/proxy.ts"],
+        outDir: "dist/adapter/cloudflare",
+        metafile: false,
+        external: [/bknd/, "wrangler", "node:process"],
       }),
+    ),
 
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig("sqlite/node"),
-         entry: ["src/adapter/sqlite/node.ts"],
-         outDir: "dist/adapter/sqlite",
-         platform: "node",
-         metafile: false,
-      }),
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("vite"),
+      platform: "node",
+    }),
 
-      tsup.build({
-         ...baseConfig("sqlite/bun"),
-         entry: ["src/adapter/sqlite/bun.ts"],
-         outDir: "dist/adapter/sqlite",
-         metafile: false,
-         external: [/^bun\:.*/],
-      }),
-   ]);
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("nextjs"),
+      platform: "node",
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("tanstack-start"),
+      platform: "node",
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("universal"),
+      platform: "neutral",
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("sveltekit"),
+      platform: "node",
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("nuxt"),
+      platform: "node",
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("node"),
+      platform: "node",
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("sqlite/edge"),
+      entry: ["src/adapter/sqlite/edge.ts"],
+      outDir: "dist/adapter/sqlite",
+      metafile: false,
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("sqlite/node"),
+      entry: ["src/adapter/sqlite/node.ts"],
+      outDir: "dist/adapter/sqlite",
+      platform: "node",
+      metafile: false,
+    }),
+
+    tsup.build({
+      ...baseConfig("sqlite/bun"),
+      entry: ["src/adapter/sqlite/bun.ts"],
+      outDir: "dist/adapter/sqlite",
+      metafile: false,
+      external: [/^bun\:.*/],
+    }),
+
+  ]);
 }
 
-await Promise.all([buildApi(), buildUi(), buildUiElements(), buildAdapters()]);
+async function buildAll() {
+  await Promise.all([
+    buildApi(),
+    buildUi(),
+    buildUiElements(),
+    buildAdapters(),
+  ]);
+}
+
+// initial build
+await buildAll();
+
+// custom watcher since tsup's watch is broken in 8.3.5+
+if (watch) {
+  oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Watch]"), "watching for changes in src/...");
+
+  let debounceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  let isBuilding = false;
+
+  const rebuild = async () => {
+    if (isBuilding) return;
+    isBuilding = true;
+    oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Watch]"), "rebuilding...");
+    try {
+      await buildAll();
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Watch]"), c.green("done"));
+    } catch (e) {
+      oldConsole.warn(c.cyan("[Watch]"), c.red("build failed"), e);
+    }
+    isBuilding = false;
+  };
+
+  const debouncedRebuild = () => {
+    if (debounceTimer) clearTimeout(debounceTimer);
+    debounceTimer = setTimeout(rebuild, 100);
+  };
+
+  // watch src directory recursively
+  fsWatch(
+    join(import.meta.dir, "src"),
+    { recursive: true },
+    (event, filename) => {
+      if (!filename) return;
+      // ignore non-source files
+      if (
+        !filename.endsWith(".ts") &&
+        !filename.endsWith(".tsx") &&
+        !filename.endsWith(".css")
+      )
+        return;
+      oldConsole.log(c.cyan("[Watch]"), c.dim(`${event}: ${filename}`));
+      debouncedRebuild();
+    },
+  );
+
+  // keep process alive
+  await new Promise(() => {});
+}

app/bunfig.toml

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-[install]
-#registry = "http://localhost:4873"
-
-[test]
-coverageSkipTestFiles = true
-console.depth = 10

app/e2e/adapters.ts

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import c from "picocolors";
 
 const basePath = new URL(import.meta.resolve("../../")).pathname.slice(0, -1);
+type RunOptions = Omit<Bun.SpawnOptions.SpawnOptions<"ignore", "pipe", "pipe">, "stdout" | "stderr">;
 
 async function run(
    cmd: string[] | string,
-   opts: Bun.SpawnOptions.OptionsObject & {},
+   opts: RunOptions,
    onChunk: (chunk: string, resolve: (data: any) => void, reject: (err: Error) => void) => void,
 ): Promise<{ proc: Bun.Subprocess; data: any }> {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ async function run(
       });
 
       // Read from stdout
-      const reader = (proc.stdout as ReadableStream).getReader();
+      const reader = proc.stdout.getReader();
       const decoder = new TextDecoder();
 
       // Function to read chunks

app/e2e/inc/adapters.ts

@@ -1,44 +1,53 @@
 const adapter = process.env.TEST_ADAPTER;
 
 const default_config = {
-   media_adapter: "local",
-   base_path: "",
+  media_adapter: "local",
+  base_path: "",
 } as const;
 
 const configs = {
-   cloudflare: {
-      media_adapter: "r2",
-   },
-   "react-router": {
-      base_path: "/admin",
-   },
-   nextjs: {
-      base_path: "/admin",
-   },
-   astro: {
-      base_path: "/admin",
-   },
-   node: {
-      base_path: "",
-   },
-   bun: {
-      base_path: "",
-   },
+  cloudflare: {
+    media_adapter: "r2",
+  },
+  "react-router": {
+    base_path: "/admin",
+  },
+  nextjs: {
+    base_path: "/admin",
+  },
+  meta: {
+    base_path: "/admin",
+  },
+  nuxt: {
+    base_path: "/admin",
+  },
+  astro: {
+    base_path: "/admin",
+  },
+  node: {
+    base_path: "",
+  },
+  bun: {
+    base_path: "",
+  },
+  "tanstack-start": {
+    base_path: "/admin",
+  },
 };
 
 export function getAdapterConfig(): typeof default_config {
-   if (adapter) {
-      if (!configs[adapter]) {
-         console.warn(
-            `Adapter "${adapter}" not found. Available adapters: ${Object.keys(configs).join(", ")}`,
-         );
-      } else {
-         return {
-            ...default_config,
-            ...configs[adapter],
-         };
-      }
-   }
+  if (adapter) {
+    if (!configs[adapter]) {
+      console.warn(
+        `Adapter "${adapter}" not found. Available adapters: ${Object.keys(configs).join(", ")}`,
+      );
+    } else {
+      return {
+        ...default_config,
+        ...configs[adapter],
+      };
+    }
+  }
 
-   return default_config;
+  return default_config;
 }

app/internal/docs.build-assets.ts

@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ import { createApp } from "bknd/adapter/bun";
 async function generate() {
    console.info("Generating MCP documentation...");
    const app = await createApp({
+      connection: {
+         url: ":memory:",
+      },
       config: {
          server: {
             mcp: {
                enabled: true,
-               path: "/mcp",
+               path: "/mcp2",
             },
          },
          auth: {
@@ -25,9 +28,9 @@ async function generate() {
       },
    });
    await app.build();
+   await app.getMcpClient().ping();
 
-   const res = await app.server.request("/mcp?explain=1");
-   const { tools, resources } = await res.json();
+   const { tools, resources } = app.mcp!.toJSON();
    await Bun.write("../docs/mcp.json", JSON.stringify({ tools, resources }, null, 2));
 
    console.info("MCP documentation generated.");

app/package.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   "type": "module",
   "sideEffects": false,
   "bin": "./dist/cli/index.js",
-  "version": "0.18.0",
+  "version": "0.21.0-rc.1",
   "description": "Lightweight Firebase/Supabase alternative built to run anywhere — incl. Next.js, React Router, Astro, Cloudflare, Bun, Node, AWS Lambda & more.",
   "homepage": "https://bknd.io",
   "repository": {
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
   "bugs": {
     "url": "https://github.com/bknd-io/bknd/issues"
   },
-  "packageManager": "bun@1.2.22",
+  "packageManager": "bun@1.3.3",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=22.13"
   },
@@ -46,96 +46,106 @@
     "test:e2e:report": "VITE_DB_URL=:memory: playwright show-report",
     "docs:build-assets": "bun internal/docs.build-assets.ts"
   },
-  "license": "FSL-1.1-MIT",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "dependencies": {
     "@cfworker/json-schema": "^4.1.1",
-    "@codemirror/lang-html": "^6.4.9",
-    "@codemirror/lang-json": "^6.0.1",
+    "@codemirror/lang-html": "^6.4.11",
+    "@codemirror/lang-json": "^6.0.2",
     "@hello-pangea/dnd": "^18.0.1",
-    "@hono/swagger-ui": "^0.5.1",
+    "@hono/swagger-ui": "^0.5.2",
     "@mantine/core": "^7.17.1",
     "@mantine/hooks": "^7.17.1",
     "@tanstack/react-form": "^1.0.5",
-    "@uiw/react-codemirror": "^4.23.10",
-    "@xyflow/react": "^12.4.4",
+    "@uiw/react-codemirror": "^4.25.2",
+    "@xyflow/react": "^12.9.2",
     "aws4fetch": "^1.0.20",
-    "bcryptjs": "^3.0.2",
-    "dayjs": "^1.11.13",
-    "fast-xml-parser": "^5.0.8",
-    "hono": "4.8.3",
+    "bcryptjs": "^3.0.3",
+    "dayjs": "^1.11.20",
+    "fast-xml-parser": "^5.3.1",
+    "hono": "4.10.4",
     "json-schema-library": "10.0.0-rc7",
     "json-schema-to-ts": "^3.1.1",
-    "jsonv-ts": "0.8.4",
-    "kysely": "0.27.6",
+    "jsonv-ts": "^0.10.1",
+    "kysely": "0.28.8",
     "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
     "oauth4webapi": "^2.11.1",
     "object-path-immutable": "^4.1.2",
-    "radix-ui": "^1.1.3",
     "picocolors": "^1.1.1",
-    "swr": "^2.3.3"
+    "radix-ui": "^1.1.3",
+    "swr": "^2.3.6",
+    "use-sync-external-store": "^1.6.0",
+    "zustand": "^4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.758.0",
-    "@bluwy/giget-core": "^0.1.2",
+    "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.922.0",
+    "@bluwy/giget-core": "^0.1.6",
     "@clack/prompts": "^0.11.0",
-    "@cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers": "^0.9.3",
-    "@cloudflare/workers-types": "^4.20250606.0",
+    "@cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers": "^0.10.4",
+    "@cloudflare/workers-types": "^4.20251014.0",
     "@dagrejs/dagre": "^1.1.4",
-    "@hono/vite-dev-server": "^0.21.0",
-    "@hookform/resolvers": "^4.1.3",
-    "@libsql/client": "^0.15.9",
+    "@hono/vite-dev-server": "^0.23.0",
+    "@hookform/resolvers": "^5.2.2",
+    "@libsql/client": "^0.15.15",
     "@mantine/modals": "^7.17.1",
     "@mantine/notifications": "^7.17.1",
-    "@playwright/test": "^1.51.1",
+    "@playwright/test": "^1.56.1",
     "@rjsf/core": "5.22.2",
+    "@rjsf/utils": "5.22.0",
     "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.0.0",
-    "@tabler/icons-react": "3.18.0",
-    "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.0.12",
-    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.0.12",
+    "@tabler/icons-react": "3.35.0",
+    "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.1.16",
+    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.16",
+    "@tanstack/react-store": "^0.8.0",
     "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^6.6.3",
     "@testing-library/react": "^16.2.0",
-    "@types/node": "^22.13.10",
+    "@types/node": "^24.10.0",
+    "@types/pg": "^8.15.6",
     "@types/react": "^19.0.10",
     "@types/react-dom": "^19.0.4",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.4",
-    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^3.0.9",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.0",
+    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "3.0.9",
     "autoprefixer": "^10.4.21",
     "clsx": "^2.1.1",
-    "dotenv": "^16.4.7",
+    "commander": "^14.0.2",
+    "dotenv": "^17.2.3",
     "jotai": "^2.12.2",
-    "jsdom": "^26.0.0",
-    "kysely-d1": "^0.3.0",
+    "jsdom": "^26.1.0",
     "kysely-generic-sqlite": "^1.2.1",
+    "kysely-postgres-js": "^2.0.0",
+    "libsql": "^0.5.22",
     "libsql-stateless-easy": "^1.8.0",
-    "open": "^10.1.0",
+    "miniflare": "^4.20251011.2",
+    "open": "^10.2.0",
     "openapi-types": "^12.1.3",
+    "pg": "^8.16.3",
     "postcss": "^8.5.3",
-    "postcss-preset-mantine": "^1.17.0",
+    "postcss-preset-mantine": "^1.18.0",
     "postcss-simple-vars": "^7.0.1",
-    "posthog-js-lite": "^3.4.2",
+    "postgres": "^3.4.7",
+    "posthog-js-lite": "^3.6.0",
     "react": "^19.0.0",
     "react-dom": "^19.0.0",
-    "react-hook-form": "^7.54.2",
-    "react-icons": "5.2.1",
-    "react-json-view-lite": "^2.4.1",
-    "sql-formatter": "^15.4.11",
+    "react-hook-form": "^7.66.0",
+    "react-icons": "5.5.0",
+    "react-json-view-lite": "^2.5.0",
+    "sql-formatter": "^15.6.10",
+    "sqlocal": "^0.16.0",
     "tailwind-merge": "^3.0.2",
-    "tailwindcss": "^4.0.12",
+    "tailwindcss": "^4.1.16",
     "tailwindcss-animate": "^1.0.7",
-    "tsc-alias": "^1.8.11",
-    "tsup": "^8.4.0",
-    "tsx": "^4.19.3",
-    "uuid": "^11.1.0",
-    "vite": "^6.3.5",
+    "tsc-alias": "^1.8.16",
+    "tsup": "^8.5.0",
+    "tsx": "^4.20.6",
+    "uuid": "^13.0.0",
+    "vite": "^7.1.12",
     "vite-plugin-circular-dependency": "^0.5.0",
     "vite-tsconfig-paths": "^5.1.4",
-    "vitest": "^3.0.9",
-    "wouter": "^3.6.0",
-    "wrangler": "^4.37.1",
-    "miniflare": "^4.20250913.0"
+    "vitest": "3.0.9",
+    "wouter": "^3.7.1",
+    "wrangler": "^4.45.4"
   },
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@hono/node-server": "^1.14.3"
+    "@hono/node-server": "^1.19.6"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "react": ">=19",
@@ -180,6 +190,11 @@
       "import": "./dist/plugins/index.js",
       "require": "./dist/plugins/index.js"
     },
+    "./modes": {
+      "types": "./dist/types/modes/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/modes/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/modes/index.js"
+    },
     "./adapter/sqlite": {
       "types": "./dist/types/adapter/sqlite/edge.d.ts",
       "import": {
@@ -218,6 +233,16 @@
       "import": "./dist/adapter/nextjs/index.js",
       "require": "./dist/adapter/nextjs/index.js"
     },
+    "./adapter/universal": {
+      "types": "./dist/types/adapter/universal/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/adapter/universal/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/adapter/universal/index.js"
+    },
+    "./adapter/nuxt": {
+      "types": "./dist/types/adapter/nuxt/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/adapter/nuxt/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/adapter/nuxt/index.js"
+    },
     "./adapter/react-router": {
       "types": "./dist/types/adapter/react-router/index.d.ts",
       "import": "./dist/adapter/react-router/index.js",
@@ -238,11 +263,26 @@
       "import": "./dist/adapter/astro/index.js",
       "require": "./dist/adapter/astro/index.js"
     },
+    "./adapter/sveltekit": {
+      "types": "./dist/types/adapter/sveltekit/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/adapter/sveltekit/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/adapter/sveltekit/index.js"
+    },
     "./adapter/aws": {
       "types": "./dist/types/adapter/aws/index.d.ts",
       "import": "./dist/adapter/aws/index.js",
       "require": "./dist/adapter/aws/index.js"
     },
+    "./adapter/browser": {
+      "types": "./dist/types/adapter/browser/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/adapter/browser/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/adapter/browser/index.js"
+    },
+    "./adapter/tanstack-start": {
+      "types": "./dist/types/adapter/tanstack-start/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/adapter/tanstack-start/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/adapter/tanstack-start/index.js"
+    },
     "./dist/main.css": "./dist/ui/main.css",
     "./dist/styles.css": "./dist/ui/styles.css",
     "./dist/manifest.json": "./dist/static/.vite/manifest.json",
@@ -257,9 +297,13 @@
       "adapter/cloudflare": ["./dist/types/adapter/cloudflare/index.d.ts"],
       "adapter/vite": ["./dist/types/adapter/vite/index.d.ts"],
       "adapter/nextjs": ["./dist/types/adapter/nextjs/index.d.ts"],
+      "adapter/universal": ["./dist/types/adapter/universal/index.d.ts"],
+      "adapter/nuxt": ["./dist/types/adapter/nuxt/index.d.ts"],
       "adapter/react-router": ["./dist/types/adapter/react-router/index.d.ts"],
       "adapter/bun": ["./dist/types/adapter/bun/index.d.ts"],
       "adapter/node": ["./dist/types/adapter/node/index.d.ts"],
+      "adapter/sveltekit": ["./dist/types/adapter/sveltekit/index.d.ts"],
+      "adapter/tanstack-start": ["./dist/types/adapter/tanstack-start/index.d.ts"],
       "adapter/sqlite": ["./dist/types/adapter/sqlite/edge.d.ts"]
     }
   },
@@ -286,9 +330,12 @@
     "serverless",
     "cloudflare",
     "nextjs",
+    "nuxt",
     "remix",
     "react-router",
     "astro",
+    "sveltekit",
+    "svelte",
     "bun",
     "node"
   ]

app/src/Api.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ export type ApiOptions = {
    data?: SubApiOptions<DataApiOptions>;
    auth?: SubApiOptions<AuthApiOptions>;
    media?: SubApiOptions<MediaApiOptions>;
+   credentials?: RequestCredentials;
 } & (
    | {
         token?: string;
@@ -60,14 +61,14 @@ export class Api {
    private token?: string;
    private user?: TApiUser;
    private verified = false;
-   private token_transport: "header" | "cookie" | "none" = "header";
+   public token_transport: "header" | "cookie" | "none" = "header";
 
    public system!: SystemApi;
    public data!: DataApi;
    public auth!: AuthApi;
    public media!: MediaApi;
 
-   constructor(private options: ApiOptions = {}) {
+   constructor(public options: ApiOptions = {}) {
       // only mark verified if forced
       this.verified = options.verified === true;
 
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ export class Api {
          }
 
          // try authorization header
-         const headerToken = this.options.headers.get("authorization")?.replace("Bearer ", "");
+         const headerToken = this.options.headers.get("authorization")?.replace(/^Bearer\s+/i, "");
          if (headerToken) {
             this.token_transport = "header";
             this.updateToken(headerToken);
@@ -129,29 +130,45 @@ export class Api {
       } else if (this.storage) {
          this.storage.getItem(this.tokenKey).then((token) => {
             this.token_transport = "header";
-            this.updateToken(token ? String(token) : undefined);
+            this.updateToken(token ? String(token) : undefined, {
+               verified: true,
+               trigger: false,
+            });
          });
       }
    }
 
+   /**
+    * Make storage async to allow async storages even if sync given
+    * @private
+    */
    private get storage() {
-      if (!this.options.storage) return null;
-      return {
-         getItem: async (key: string) => {
-            return await this.options.storage!.getItem(key);
+      const storage = this.options.storage;
+      return new Proxy(
+         {},
+         {
+            get(_, prop) {
+               return (...args: any[]) => {
+                  const response = storage ? storage[prop](...args) : undefined;
+                  if (response instanceof Promise) {
+                     return response;
+                  }
+                  return {
+                     // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noThenProperty: it's a promise :)
+                     then: (fn) => fn(response),
+                  };
+               };
+            },
          },
-         setItem: async (key: string, value: string) => {
-            return await this.options.storage!.setItem(key, value);
-         },
-         removeItem: async (key: string) => {
-            return await this.options.storage!.removeItem(key);
-         },
-      };
+      ) as any;
    }
 
-   updateToken(token?: string, opts?: { rebuild?: boolean; trigger?: boolean }) {
+   updateToken(
+      token?: string,
+      opts?: { rebuild?: boolean; verified?: boolean; trigger?: boolean },
+   ) {
       this.token = token;
-      this.verified = false;
+      this.verified = opts?.verified === true;
 
       if (token) {
          this.user = omitKeys(decode(token).payload as any, ["iat", "iss", "exp"]) as any;
@@ -159,21 +176,22 @@ export class Api {
          this.user = undefined;
       }
 
+      const emit = () => {
+         if (opts?.trigger !== false) {
+            this.options.onAuthStateChange?.(this.getAuthState());
+         }
+      };
       if (this.storage) {
          const key = this.tokenKey;
 
          if (token) {
-            this.storage.setItem(key, token).then(() => {
-               this.options.onAuthStateChange?.(this.getAuthState());
-            });
+            this.storage.setItem(key, token).then(emit);
          } else {
-            this.storage.removeItem(key).then(() => {
-               this.options.onAuthStateChange?.(this.getAuthState());
-            });
+            this.storage.removeItem(key).then(emit);
          }
       } else {
          if (opts?.trigger !== false) {
-            this.options.onAuthStateChange?.(this.getAuthState());
+            emit();
          }
       }
 
@@ -182,6 +200,7 @@ export class Api {
 
    private markAuthVerified(verfied: boolean) {
       this.verified = verfied;
+      this.options.onAuthStateChange?.(this.getAuthState());
       return this;
    }
 
@@ -208,11 +227,6 @@ export class Api {
    }
 
    async verifyAuth() {
-      if (!this.token) {
-         this.markAuthVerified(false);
-         return;
-      }
-
       try {
          const { ok, data } = await this.auth.me();
          const user = data?.user;
@@ -221,10 +235,10 @@ export class Api {
          }
 
          this.user = user;
-         this.markAuthVerified(true);
       } catch (e) {
-         this.markAuthVerified(false);
          this.updateToken(undefined);
+      } finally {
+         this.markAuthVerified(true);
       }
    }
 
@@ -239,6 +253,7 @@ export class Api {
          headers: this.options.headers,
          token_transport: this.token_transport,
          verbose: this.options.verbose,
+         credentials: this.options.credentials,
       });
    }
 
@@ -257,10 +272,9 @@ export class Api {
       this.auth = new AuthApi(
          {
             ...baseParams,
-            credentials: this.options.storage ? "omit" : "include",
             ...this.options.auth,
-            onTokenUpdate: (token) => {
-               this.updateToken(token, { rebuild: true });
+            onTokenUpdate: (token, verified) => {
+               this.updateToken(token, { rebuild: true, verified, trigger: true });
                this.options.auth?.onTokenUpdate?.(token);
             },
          },

app/src/App.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import type { em as prototypeEm } from "data/prototype";
 import { Connection } from "data/connection/Connection";
 import type { Hono } from "hono";
 import {
-   type InitialModuleConfigs,
    type ModuleConfigs,
    type Modules,
    ModuleManager,
@@ -245,9 +244,8 @@ export class App<
 
    get fetch(): Hono["fetch"] {
       if (!this.isBuilt()) {
-         throw new Error("App is not built yet, run build() first");
+         console.error("App is not built yet, run build() first");
       }
-
       return this.server.fetch as any;
    }
 
@@ -296,6 +294,7 @@ export class App<
       return this.module.auth.createUser(p);
    }
 
+   // @todo: potentially add option to clone the app, so that when used in listeners, it won't trigger listeners
    getApi(options?: LocalApiOptions) {
       const fetcher = this.server.request as typeof fetch;
       if (options && options instanceof Request) {
@@ -311,8 +310,9 @@ export class App<
          throw new Error("MCP is not enabled");
       }
 
+      const url = new URL(config.path, "http://localhost").toString();
       return new McpClient({
-         url: "http://localhost" + config.path,
+         url,
          fetch: this.server.request,
       });
    }
@@ -380,11 +380,14 @@ export class App<
       if (results.length > 0) {
          for (const { name, result } of results) {
             if (result) {
-               $console.log(`[Plugin:${name}] schema`);
                ctx.helper.ensureSchema(result);
+               if (ctx.flags.sync_required) {
+                  $console.log(`[Plugin:${name}] schema, sync required`);
+               }
             }
          }
       }
+      await this.options?.manager?.onModulesBuilt?.(ctx);
    }
 }
 

app/src/adapter/astro/astro.adapter.ts

@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ export type AstroBkndConfig<Env = AstroEnv> = FrameworkBkndConfig<Env>;
 
 export async function getApp<Env = AstroEnv>(
    config: AstroBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = import.meta.env as Env,
 ) {
-   return await createFrameworkApp(config, args ?? import.meta.env);
+   return await createFrameworkApp(config, args);
 }
 
-export function serve<Env = AstroEnv>(config: AstroBkndConfig<Env> = {}, args: Env = {} as Env) {
+export function serve<Env = AstroEnv>(
+   config: AstroBkndConfig<Env> = {},
+   args: Env = import.meta.env as Env,
+) {
    return async (fnArgs: TAstro) => {
       return (await getApp(config, args)).fetch(fnArgs.request);
    };

app/src/adapter/browser/BkndBrowserApp.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import {
+   createContext,
+   lazy,
+   Suspense,
+   useContext,
+   useEffect,
+   useState,
+   type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { checksum } from "bknd/utils";
+import { App, registries, sqlocal, type BkndConfig } from "bknd";
+import { Route, Router, Switch } from "wouter";
+import { ClientProvider } from "bknd/client";
+import { SQLocalKysely } from "sqlocal/kysely";
+import type { ClientConfig, DatabasePath } from "sqlocal";
+import { OpfsStorageAdapter } from "bknd/adapter/browser";
+import type { BkndAdminConfig } from "bknd/ui";
+
+const Admin = lazy(() =>
+   Promise.all([
+      import("bknd/ui"),
+      // @ts-ignore
+      import("bknd/dist/styles.css"),
+   ]).then(([mod]) => ({
+      default: mod.Admin,
+   })),
+);
+
+function safeViewTransition(fn: () => void) {
+   if (document.startViewTransition) {
+      document.startViewTransition(fn);
+   } else {
+      fn();
+   }
+}
+
+export type BrowserBkndConfig<Args = ImportMetaEnv> = Omit<
+   BkndConfig<Args>,
+   "connection" | "app"
+> & {
+   adminConfig?: BkndAdminConfig;
+   connection?: ClientConfig | DatabasePath;
+};
+
+export type BkndBrowserAppProps = {
+   children: ReactNode;
+   header?: ReactNode;
+   loading?: ReactNode;
+   notFound?: ReactNode;
+} & BrowserBkndConfig;
+
+const BkndBrowserAppContext = createContext<{
+   app: App;
+   hash: string;
+}>(undefined!);
+
+export function BkndBrowserApp({
+   children,
+   adminConfig,
+   header,
+   loading,
+   notFound,
+   ...config
+}: BkndBrowserAppProps) {
+   const [app, setApp] = useState<App | undefined>(undefined);
+   const [hash, setHash] = useState<string>("");
+   const adminRoutePath = (adminConfig?.basepath ?? "") + "/*?";
+
+   async function onBuilt(app: App) {
+      safeViewTransition(async () => {
+         setApp(app);
+         setHash(await checksum(app.toJSON()));
+      });
+   }
+
+   useEffect(() => {
+      setup({ ...config, adminConfig })
+         .then((app) => onBuilt(app as any))
+         .catch(console.error);
+   }, []);
+
+   if (!app) {
+      return (
+         loading ?? (
+            <Center>
+               <span style={{ opacity: 0.2 }}>Loading...</span>
+            </Center>
+         )
+      );
+   }
+
+   return (
+      <BkndBrowserAppContext.Provider value={{ app, hash }}>
+         <ClientProvider storage={window.localStorage} fetcher={app.server.request}>
+            {header}
+            <Router key={hash}>
+               <Switch>
+                  {children}
+
+                  <Route path={adminRoutePath}>
+                     <Suspense>
+                        <Admin config={adminConfig} />
+                     </Suspense>
+                  </Route>
+                  <Route path="*">
+                     {notFound ?? (
+                        <Center style={{ fontSize: "48px", fontFamily: "monospace" }}>404</Center>
+                     )}
+                  </Route>
+               </Switch>
+            </Router>
+         </ClientProvider>
+      </BkndBrowserAppContext.Provider>
+   );
+}
+
+export function useApp() {
+   return useContext(BkndBrowserAppContext);
+}
+
+const Center = (props: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>) => (
+   <div
+      {...props}
+      style={{
+         width: "100%",
+         minHeight: "100vh",
+         display: "flex",
+         justifyContent: "center",
+         alignItems: "center",
+         ...(props.style ?? {}),
+      }}
+   />
+);
+
+let initialized = false;
+async function setup(config: BrowserBkndConfig = {}) {
+   if (initialized) return;
+   initialized = true;
+
+   registries.media.register("opfs", OpfsStorageAdapter);
+
+   const app = App.create({
+      ...config,
+      // @ts-ignore
+      connection: sqlocal(new SQLocalKysely(config.connection ?? ":localStorage:")),
+   });
+
+   await config.beforeBuild?.(app);
+   await app.build({ sync: true });
+   await config.onBuilt?.(app);
+
+   return app;
+}

app/src/adapter/browser/OpfsStorageAdapter.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { describe, beforeAll, vi, afterAll, spyOn } from "bun:test";
+import { OpfsStorageAdapter } from "./OpfsStorageAdapter";
+// @ts-ignore
+import { assetsPath } from "../../../__test__/helper";
+import { adapterTestSuite } from "media/storage/adapters/adapter-test-suite";
+import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
+import { MockFileSystemDirectoryHandle } from "adapter/browser/mock";
+
+describe("OpfsStorageAdapter", async () => {
+   let mockRoot: MockFileSystemDirectoryHandle;
+   let testSuiteAdapter: OpfsStorageAdapter;
+
+   const _mock = spyOn(global, "navigator");
+
+   beforeAll(() => {
+      // mock navigator.storage.getDirectory()
+      mockRoot = new MockFileSystemDirectoryHandle("opfs-root");
+      const mockNavigator = {
+         storage: {
+            getDirectory: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockRoot),
+         },
+      };
+      // @ts-ignore
+      _mock.mockReturnValue(mockNavigator);
+      testSuiteAdapter = new OpfsStorageAdapter();
+   });
+
+   afterAll(() => {
+      _mock.mockRestore();
+   });
+
+   const file = Bun.file(`${assetsPath}/image.png`);
+   await adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, () => testSuiteAdapter, file);
+});

app/src/adapter/browser/OpfsStorageAdapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+import type { FileBody, FileListObject, FileMeta, FileUploadPayload } from "bknd";
+import { StorageAdapter, guessMimeType } from "bknd";
+import { parse, s, isFile, isBlob } from "bknd/utils";
+
+export const opfsAdapterConfig = s.object(
+   {
+      root: s.string({ default: "" }).optional(),
+   },
+   {
+      title: "OPFS",
+      description: "Origin Private File System storage",
+      additionalProperties: false,
+   },
+);
+export type OpfsAdapterConfig = s.Static<typeof opfsAdapterConfig>;
+
+/**
+ * Storage adapter for OPFS (Origin Private File System)
+ * Provides browser-based file storage using the File System Access API
+ */
+export class OpfsStorageAdapter extends StorageAdapter {
+   private config: OpfsAdapterConfig;
+   private rootPromise: Promise<FileSystemDirectoryHandle>;
+
+   constructor(config: Partial<OpfsAdapterConfig> = {}) {
+      super();
+      this.config = parse(opfsAdapterConfig, config);
+      this.rootPromise = this.initializeRoot();
+   }
+
+   private async initializeRoot(): Promise<FileSystemDirectoryHandle> {
+      const opfsRoot = await navigator.storage.getDirectory();
+      if (!this.config.root) {
+         return opfsRoot;
+      }
+
+      // navigate to or create nested directory structure
+      const parts = this.config.root.split("/").filter(Boolean);
+      let current = opfsRoot;
+      for (const part of parts) {
+         current = await current.getDirectoryHandle(part, { create: true });
+      }
+      return current;
+   }
+
+   getSchema() {
+      return opfsAdapterConfig;
+   }
+
+   getName(): string {
+      return "opfs";
+   }
+
+   async listObjects(prefix?: string): Promise<FileListObject[]> {
+      const root = await this.rootPromise;
+      const files: FileListObject[] = [];
+
+      for await (const [name, handle] of root.entries()) {
+         if (handle.kind === "file") {
+            if (!prefix || name.startsWith(prefix)) {
+               const file = await (handle as FileSystemFileHandle).getFile();
+               files.push({
+                  key: name,
+                  last_modified: new Date(file.lastModified),
+                  size: file.size,
+               });
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      return files;
+   }
+
+   private async computeEtagFromArrayBuffer(buffer: ArrayBuffer): Promise<string> {
+      const hashBuffer = await crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256", buffer);
+      const hashArray = Array.from(new Uint8Array(hashBuffer));
+      const hashHex = hashArray.map((byte) => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
+
+      // wrap the hex string in quotes for ETag format
+      return `"${hashHex}"`;
+   }
+
+   async putObject(key: string, body: FileBody): Promise<string | FileUploadPayload> {
+      if (body === null) {
+         throw new Error("Body is empty");
+      }
+
+      const root = await this.rootPromise;
+      const fileHandle = await root.getFileHandle(key, { create: true });
+      const writable = await fileHandle.createWritable();
+
+      try {
+         let contentBuffer: ArrayBuffer;
+
+         if (isFile(body)) {
+            contentBuffer = await body.arrayBuffer();
+            await writable.write(contentBuffer);
+         } else if (body instanceof ReadableStream) {
+            const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+            const reader = body.getReader();
+            try {
+               while (true) {
+                  const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+                  if (done) break;
+                  chunks.push(value);
+                  await writable.write(value);
+               }
+            } finally {
+               reader.releaseLock();
+            }
+            // compute total size and combine chunks for etag
+            const totalSize = chunks.reduce((sum, chunk) => sum + chunk.length, 0);
+            const combined = new Uint8Array(totalSize);
+            let offset = 0;
+            for (const chunk of chunks) {
+               combined.set(chunk, offset);
+               offset += chunk.length;
+            }
+            contentBuffer = combined.buffer;
+         } else if (isBlob(body)) {
+            contentBuffer = await (body as Blob).arrayBuffer();
+            await writable.write(contentBuffer);
+         } else {
+            // body is ArrayBuffer or ArrayBufferView
+            if (ArrayBuffer.isView(body)) {
+               const view = body as ArrayBufferView;
+               contentBuffer = view.buffer.slice(
+                  view.byteOffset,
+                  view.byteOffset + view.byteLength,
+               ) as ArrayBuffer;
+            } else {
+               contentBuffer = body as ArrayBuffer;
+            }
+            await writable.write(body);
+         }
+
+         await writable.close();
+         return await this.computeEtagFromArrayBuffer(contentBuffer);
+      } catch (error) {
+         await writable.abort();
+         throw error;
+      }
+   }
+
+   async deleteObject(key: string): Promise<void> {
+      try {
+         const root = await this.rootPromise;
+         await root.removeEntry(key);
+      } catch {
+         // file doesn't exist, which is fine
+      }
+   }
+
+   async objectExists(key: string): Promise<boolean> {
+      try {
+         const root = await this.rootPromise;
+         await root.getFileHandle(key);
+         return true;
+      } catch {
+         return false;
+      }
+   }
+
+   private parseRangeHeader(
+      rangeHeader: string,
+      fileSize: number,
+   ): { start: number; end: number } | null {
+      // parse "bytes=start-end" format
+      const match = rangeHeader.match(/^bytes=(\d*)-(\d*)$/);
+      if (!match) return null;
+
+      const [, startStr, endStr] = match;
+      let start = startStr ? Number.parseInt(startStr, 10) : 0;
+      let end = endStr ? Number.parseInt(endStr, 10) : fileSize - 1;
+
+      // handle suffix-byte-range-spec (e.g., "bytes=-500")
+      if (!startStr && endStr) {
+         start = Math.max(0, fileSize - Number.parseInt(endStr, 10));
+         end = fileSize - 1;
+      }
+
+      // validate range
+      if (start < 0 || end >= fileSize || start > end) {
+         return null;
+      }
+
+      return { start, end };
+   }
+
+   async getObject(key: string, headers: Headers): Promise<Response> {
+      try {
+         const root = await this.rootPromise;
+         const fileHandle = await root.getFileHandle(key);
+         const file = await fileHandle.getFile();
+         const fileSize = file.size;
+         const mimeType = guessMimeType(key);
+
+         const responseHeaders = new Headers({
+            "Accept-Ranges": "bytes",
+            "Content-Type": mimeType || "application/octet-stream",
+         });
+
+         const rangeHeader = headers.get("range");
+
+         if (rangeHeader) {
+            const range = this.parseRangeHeader(rangeHeader, fileSize);
+
+            if (!range) {
+               // invalid range - return 416 Range Not Satisfiable
+               responseHeaders.set("Content-Range", `bytes */${fileSize}`);
+               return new Response("", {
+                  status: 416,
+                  headers: responseHeaders,
+               });
+            }
+
+            const { start, end } = range;
+            const arrayBuffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
+            const chunk = arrayBuffer.slice(start, end + 1);
+
+            responseHeaders.set("Content-Range", `bytes ${start}-${end}/${fileSize}`);
+            responseHeaders.set("Content-Length", chunk.byteLength.toString());
+
+            return new Response(chunk, {
+               status: 206, // Partial Content
+               headers: responseHeaders,
+            });
+         } else {
+            // normal request - return entire file
+            const content = await file.arrayBuffer();
+            responseHeaders.set("Content-Length", content.byteLength.toString());
+
+            return new Response(content, {
+               status: 200,
+               headers: responseHeaders,
+            });
+         }
+      } catch {
+         // handle file reading errors
+         return new Response("", { status: 404 });
+      }
+   }
+
+   getObjectUrl(_key: string): string {
+      throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
+   }
+
+   async getObjectMeta(key: string): Promise<FileMeta> {
+      const root = await this.rootPromise;
+      const fileHandle = await root.getFileHandle(key);
+      const file = await fileHandle.getFile();
+
+      return {
+         type: guessMimeType(key) || "application/octet-stream",
+         size: file.size,
+      };
+   }
+
+   toJSON(_secrets?: boolean) {
+      return {
+         type: this.getName(),
+         config: this.config,
+      };
+   }
+}

app/src/adapter/browser/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export * from "./OpfsStorageAdapter";
+export * from "./BkndBrowserApp";

app/src/adapter/browser/mock.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// mock OPFS API for testing
+class MockFileSystemFileHandle {
+   kind: "file" = "file";
+   name: string;
+   private content: ArrayBuffer;
+   private lastModified: number;
+
+   constructor(name: string, content: ArrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(0)) {
+      this.name = name;
+      this.content = content;
+      this.lastModified = Date.now();
+   }
+
+   async getFile(): Promise<File> {
+      return new File([this.content], this.name, {
+         lastModified: this.lastModified,
+         type: this.guessMimeType(),
+      });
+   }
+
+   async createWritable(): Promise<FileSystemWritableFileStream> {
+      const handle = this;
+      return {
+         async write(data: any) {
+            if (data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+               handle.content = data;
+            } else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(data)) {
+               handle.content = data.buffer.slice(
+                  data.byteOffset,
+                  data.byteOffset + data.byteLength,
+               ) as ArrayBuffer;
+            } else if (data instanceof Blob) {
+               handle.content = await data.arrayBuffer();
+            }
+            handle.lastModified = Date.now();
+         },
+         async close() {},
+         async abort() {},
+         async seek(_position: number) {},
+         async truncate(_size: number) {},
+      } as FileSystemWritableFileStream;
+   }
+
+   private guessMimeType(): string {
+      const ext = this.name.split(".").pop()?.toLowerCase();
+      const mimeTypes: Record<string, string> = {
+         png: "image/png",
+         jpg: "image/jpeg",
+         jpeg: "image/jpeg",
+         gif: "image/gif",
+         webp: "image/webp",
+         svg: "image/svg+xml",
+         txt: "text/plain",
+         json: "application/json",
+         pdf: "application/pdf",
+      };
+      return mimeTypes[ext || ""] || "application/octet-stream";
+   }
+}
+
+export class MockFileSystemDirectoryHandle {
+   kind: "directory" = "directory";
+   name: string;
+   private files: Map<string, MockFileSystemFileHandle> = new Map();
+   private directories: Map<string, MockFileSystemDirectoryHandle> = new Map();
+
+   constructor(name: string = "root") {
+      this.name = name;
+   }
+
+   async getFileHandle(
+      name: string,
+      options?: FileSystemGetFileOptions,
+   ): Promise<FileSystemFileHandle> {
+      if (this.files.has(name)) {
+         return this.files.get(name) as any;
+      }
+      if (options?.create) {
+         const handle = new MockFileSystemFileHandle(name);
+         this.files.set(name, handle);
+         return handle as any;
+      }
+      throw new Error(`File not found: ${name}`);
+   }
+
+   async getDirectoryHandle(
+      name: string,
+      options?: FileSystemGetDirectoryOptions,
+   ): Promise<FileSystemDirectoryHandle> {
+      if (this.directories.has(name)) {
+         return this.directories.get(name) as any;
+      }
+      if (options?.create) {
+         const handle = new MockFileSystemDirectoryHandle(name);
+         this.directories.set(name, handle);
+         return handle as any;
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Directory not found: ${name}`);
+   }
+
+   async removeEntry(name: string, _options?: FileSystemRemoveOptions): Promise<void> {
+      this.files.delete(name);
+      this.directories.delete(name);
+   }
+
+   async *entries(): AsyncIterableIterator<[string, FileSystemHandle]> {
+      for (const [name, handle] of this.files) {
+         yield [name, handle as any];
+      }
+      for (const [name, handle] of this.directories) {
+         yield [name, handle as any];
+      }
+   }
+
+   async *keys(): AsyncIterableIterator<string> {
+      for (const name of this.files.keys()) {
+         yield name;
+      }
+      for (const name of this.directories.keys()) {
+         yield name;
+      }
+   }
+
+   async *values(): AsyncIterableIterator<FileSystemHandle> {
+      for (const handle of this.files.values()) {
+         yield handle as any;
+      }
+      for (const handle of this.directories.values()) {
+         yield handle as any;
+      }
+   }
+
+   [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncIterableIterator<[string, FileSystemHandle]> {
+      return this.entries();
+   }
+}

app/src/adapter/bun/bun.adapter.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
-/// <reference types="bun-types" />
-
 import path from "node:path";
 import { type RuntimeBkndConfig, createRuntimeApp } from "bknd/adapter";
 import { registerLocalMediaAdapter } from ".";
 import { config, type App } from "bknd";
-import type { ServeOptions } from "bun";
 import { serveStatic } from "hono/bun";
 
 type BunEnv = Bun.Env;
-export type BunBkndConfig<Env = BunEnv> = RuntimeBkndConfig<Env> & Omit<ServeOptions, "fetch">;
+export type BunBkndConfig<Env = BunEnv> = RuntimeBkndConfig<Env> &
+   Omit<Bun.Serve.Options<undefined, string>, "fetch">;
 
 export async function createApp<Env = BunEnv>(
    { distPath, serveStatic: _serveStatic, ...config }: BunBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = Bun.env as Env,
 ) {
    const root = path.resolve(distPath ?? "./node_modules/bknd/dist", "static");
    registerLocalMediaAdapter();
@@ -26,18 +24,18 @@ export async function createApp<Env = BunEnv>(
             }),
          ...config,
       },
-      args ?? (process.env as Env),
+      args,
    );
 }
 
 export function createHandler<Env = BunEnv>(
    config: BunBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = Bun.env as Env,
 ) {
    let app: App | undefined;
    return async (req: Request) => {
       if (!app) {
-         app = await createApp(config, args ?? (process.env as Env));
+         app = await createApp(config, args);
       }
       return app.fetch(req);
    };
@@ -45,6 +43,7 @@ export function createHandler<Env = BunEnv>(
 
 export function serve<Env = BunEnv>(
    {
+      app,
       distPath,
       connection,
       config: _config,
@@ -54,15 +53,17 @@ export function serve<Env = BunEnv>(
       buildConfig,
       adminOptions,
       serveStatic,
+      beforeBuild,
       ...serveOptions
    }: BunBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = Bun.env as Env,
 ) {
    Bun.serve({
-      ...serveOptions,
+      ...(serveOptions as any),
       port,
       fetch: createHandler(
          {
+            app,
             connection,
             config: _config,
             options,
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ export function serve<Env = BunEnv>(
             adminOptions,
             distPath,
             serveStatic,
+            beforeBuild,
          },
          args,
       ),

app/src/adapter/bun/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
 export * from "./bun.adapter";
 export * from "../node/storage";
 export * from "./connection/BunSqliteConnection";
+
+export async function writer(path: string, content: string) {
+   await Bun.write(path, content);
+}
+
+export async function reader(path: string) {
+   return await Bun.file(path).text();
+}

app/src/adapter/cloudflare/cloudflare-workers.adapter.spec.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
 import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
 import { type CloudflareBkndConfig, createApp } from "./cloudflare-workers.adapter";
 
-/* beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
-afterAll(enableConsoleLog); */
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
 
 describe("cf adapter", () => {
    const DB_URL = ":memory:";

app/src/adapter/cloudflare/cloudflare-workers.adapter.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import type { RuntimeBkndConfig } from "bknd/adapter";
 import { Hono } from "hono";
 import { serveStatic } from "hono/cloudflare-workers";
-import type { MaybePromise } from "bknd";
+import type { App, MaybePromise } from "bknd";
 import { $console } from "bknd/utils";
 import { createRuntimeApp } from "bknd/adapter";
 import { registerAsyncsExecutionContext, makeConfig, type CloudflareContext } from "./config";
@@ -37,26 +37,30 @@ export async function createApp<Env extends CloudflareEnv = CloudflareEnv>(
    config: CloudflareBkndConfig<Env> = {},
    ctx: Partial<CloudflareContext<Env>> = {},
 ) {
-   const appConfig = await makeConfig(
+   const appConfig = await makeConfig(config, ctx);
+   return await createRuntimeApp<Env>(
       {
-         ...config,
+         ...appConfig,
          onBuilt: async (app) => {
             if (ctx.ctx) {
                registerAsyncsExecutionContext(app, ctx?.ctx);
             }
-            await config.onBuilt?.(app);
+            await appConfig.onBuilt?.(app);
          },
       },
-      ctx,
+      ctx?.env,
    );
-   return await createRuntimeApp<Env>(appConfig, ctx?.env);
 }
 
 // compatiblity
 export const getFresh = createApp;
 
+let app: App | undefined;
 export function serve<Env extends CloudflareEnv = CloudflareEnv>(
    config: CloudflareBkndConfig<Env> = {},
+   serveOptions?: (args: Env) => {
+      warm?: boolean;
+   },
 ) {
    return {
       async fetch(request: Request, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext) {
@@ -92,8 +96,11 @@ export function serve<Env extends CloudflareEnv = CloudflareEnv>(
             }
          }
 
-         const context = { request, env, ctx } as CloudflareContext<Env>;
-         const app = await createApp(config, context);
+         const { warm } = serveOptions?.(env) ?? {};
+         if (!app || warm !== true) {
+            const context = { request, env, ctx } as CloudflareContext<Env>;
+            app = await createApp(config, context);
+         }
 
          return app.fetch(request, env, ctx);
       },

app/src/adapter/cloudflare/proxy.ts

@@ -65,37 +65,31 @@ export function withPlatformProxy<Env extends CloudflareEnv>(
    }
 
    return {
-      ...config,
-      beforeBuild: async (app, registries) => {
-         if (!use_proxy) return;
-         const env = await getEnv();
-         registerMedia(env, registries as any);
-         await config?.beforeBuild?.(app, registries);
-      },
-      bindings: async (env) => {
-         return (await config?.bindings?.(await getEnv(env))) || {};
-      },
       // @ts-ignore
       app: async (_env) => {
          const env = await getEnv(_env);
          const binding = use_proxy ? getBinding(env, "D1Database") : undefined;
+         const appConfig = typeof config.app === "function" ? await config.app(env) : config;
+         const connection =
+            use_proxy && binding
+               ? d1Sqlite({
+                    binding: binding.value as any,
+                 })
+               : appConfig.connection;
 
-         if (config?.app === undefined && use_proxy && binding) {
-            return {
-               connection: d1Sqlite({
-                  binding: binding.value,
-               }),
-            };
-         } else if (typeof config?.app === "function") {
-            const appConfig = await config?.app(env);
-            if (binding) {
-               appConfig.connection = d1Sqlite({
-                  binding: binding.value,
-               }) as any;
-            }
-            return appConfig;
-         }
-         return config?.app || {};
+         return {
+            ...appConfig,
+            beforeBuild: async (app, registries) => {
+               if (!use_proxy) return;
+               const env = await getEnv();
+               registerMedia(env, registries as any);
+               await config?.beforeBuild?.(app, registries);
+            },
+            bindings: async (env) => {
+               return (await config?.bindings?.(await getEnv(env))) || {};
+            },
+            connection,
+         };
       },
    } satisfies CloudflareBkndConfig<Env>;
 }

app/src/adapter/cloudflare/storage/StorageR2Adapter.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ export function registerMedia(
  * @todo: add tests (bun tests won't work, need node native tests)
  */
 export class StorageR2Adapter extends StorageAdapter {
+   public keyPrefix: string = "";
+
    constructor(private readonly bucket: R2Bucket) {
       super();
    }
@@ -175,6 +177,9 @@ export class StorageR2Adapter extends StorageAdapter {
    }
 
    protected getKey(key: string) {
+      if (this.keyPrefix.length > 0) {
+         return `${this.keyPrefix}/${key}`.replace(/^\/\//, "/");
+      }
       return key;
    }
 

app/src/adapter/index.ts

@@ -6,18 +6,24 @@ import {
    guessMimeType,
    type MaybePromise,
    registries as $registries,
+   type Merge,
 } from "bknd";
 import { $console } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { Context, MiddlewareHandler, Next } from "hono";
 import type { AdminControllerOptions } from "modules/server/AdminController";
 import type { Manifest } from "vite";
 
-export type BkndConfig<Args = any> = CreateAppConfig & {
-   app?: Omit<BkndConfig, "app"> | ((args: Args) => MaybePromise<Omit<BkndConfig<Args>, "app">>);
-   onBuilt?: (app: App) => MaybePromise<void>;
-   beforeBuild?: (app?: App, registries?: typeof $registries) => MaybePromise<void>;
-   buildConfig?: Parameters<App["build"]>[0];
-};
+export type BkndConfig<Args = any, Additional = {}> = Merge<
+   CreateAppConfig &
+      Omit<Additional, "app"> & {
+         app?:
+            | Omit<BkndConfig<Args, Additional>, "app">
+            | ((args: Args) => MaybePromise<Omit<BkndConfig<Args, Additional>, "app">>);
+         onBuilt?: (app: App) => MaybePromise<void>;
+         beforeBuild?: (app?: App, registries?: typeof $registries) => MaybePromise<void>;
+         buildConfig?: Parameters<App["build"]>[0];
+      }
+>;
 
 export type FrameworkBkndConfig<Args = any> = BkndConfig<Args>;
 
@@ -51,11 +57,10 @@ export async function makeConfig<Args = DefaultArgs>(
    return { ...rest, ...additionalConfig };
 }
 
-// a map that contains all apps by id
 export async function createAdapterApp<Config extends BkndConfig = BkndConfig, Args = DefaultArgs>(
    config: Config = {} as Config,
    args?: Args,
-): Promise<App> {
+): Promise<{ app: App; config: BkndConfig<Args> }> {
    await config.beforeBuild?.(undefined, $registries);
 
    const appConfig = await makeConfig(config, args);
@@ -65,34 +70,37 @@ export async function createAdapterApp<Config extends BkndConfig = BkndConfig, A
          connection = config.connection;
       } else {
          const sqlite = (await import("bknd/adapter/sqlite")).sqlite;
-         const conf = appConfig.connection ?? { url: ":memory:" };
+         const conf = appConfig.connection ?? { url: "file:data.db" };
          connection = sqlite(conf) as any;
          $console.info(`Using ${connection!.name} connection`, conf.url);
       }
       appConfig.connection = connection;
    }
 
-   return App.create(appConfig);
+   return {
+      app: App.create(appConfig),
+      config: appConfig,
+   };
 }
 
 export async function createFrameworkApp<Args = DefaultArgs>(
    config: FrameworkBkndConfig = {},
    args?: Args,
 ): Promise<App> {
-   const app = await createAdapterApp(config, args);
+   const { app, config: appConfig } = await createAdapterApp(config, args);
 
    if (!app.isBuilt()) {
       if (config.onBuilt) {
          app.emgr.onEvent(
             App.Events.AppBuiltEvent,
             async () => {
-               await config.onBuilt?.(app);
+               await appConfig.onBuilt?.(app);
             },
             "sync",
          );
       }
 
-      await config.beforeBuild?.(app, $registries);
+      await appConfig.beforeBuild?.(app, $registries);
       await app.build(config.buildConfig);
    }
 
@@ -103,7 +111,7 @@ export async function createRuntimeApp<Args = DefaultArgs>(
    { serveStatic, adminOptions, ...config }: RuntimeBkndConfig<Args> = {},
    args?: Args,
 ): Promise<App> {
-   const app = await createAdapterApp(config, args);
+   const { app, config: appConfig } = await createAdapterApp(config, args);
 
    if (!app.isBuilt()) {
       app.emgr.onEvent(
@@ -116,7 +124,7 @@ export async function createRuntimeApp<Args = DefaultArgs>(
                app.modules.server.get(path, handler);
             }
 
-            await config.onBuilt?.(app);
+            await appConfig.onBuilt?.(app);
             if (adminOptions !== false) {
                app.registerAdminController(adminOptions);
             }
@@ -124,7 +132,7 @@ export async function createRuntimeApp<Args = DefaultArgs>(
          "sync",
       );
 
-      await config.beforeBuild?.(app, $registries);
+      await appConfig.beforeBuild?.(app, $registries);
       await app.build(config.buildConfig);
    }
 
@@ -147,23 +155,32 @@ export async function createRuntimeApp<Args = DefaultArgs>(
  * });
  * ```
  */
-export function serveStaticViaImport(opts?: { manifest?: Manifest }) {
+export function serveStaticViaImport(opts?: {
+   manifest?: Manifest;
+   appendRaw?: boolean;
+   package?: string;
+}) {
    let files: string[] | undefined;
+   const pkg = opts?.package ?? "bknd";
 
    // @ts-ignore
    return async (c: Context, next: Next) => {
       if (!files) {
          const manifest =
             opts?.manifest ||
-            ((await import("bknd/dist/manifest.json", { with: { type: "json" } }))
-               .default as Manifest);
+            ((
+               await import(/* @vite-ignore */ `${pkg}/dist/manifest.json`, {
+                  with: { type: "json" },
+               })
+            ).default as Manifest);
          files = Object.values(manifest).flatMap((asset) => [asset.file, ...(asset.css || [])]);
       }
 
       const path = c.req.path.substring(1);
       if (files.includes(path)) {
          try {
-            const content = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ `bknd/static/${path}?raw`, {
+            const url = `${pkg}/static/${path}${opts?.appendRaw ? "?raw" : ""}`;
+            const content = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ url, {
                with: { type: "text" },
             }).then((m) => m.default);
 
@@ -176,7 +193,7 @@ export function serveStaticViaImport(opts?: { manifest?: Manifest }) {
                });
             }
          } catch (e) {
-            console.error("Error serving static file:", e);
+            console.error(`Error serving static file "${path}":`, String(e));
             return c.text("File not found", 404);
          }
       }

app/src/adapter/nextjs/nextjs.adapter.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createFrameworkApp, type FrameworkBkndConfig } from "bknd/adapter";
 import { isNode } from "bknd/utils";
+// @ts-expect-error next is not installed
 import type { NextApiRequest } from "next";
 
 type NextjsEnv = NextApiRequest["env"];
@@ -9,16 +10,18 @@ export type NextjsBkndConfig<Env = NextjsEnv> = FrameworkBkndConfig<Env> & {
 
 export async function getApp<Env = NextjsEnv>(
    config: NextjsBkndConfig<Env>,
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
-   return await createFrameworkApp(config, args ?? (process.env as Env));
+   return await createFrameworkApp(config, args);
 }
 
 function getCleanRequest(req: Request, cleanRequest: NextjsBkndConfig["cleanRequest"]) {
    if (!cleanRequest) return req;
 
    const url = new URL(req.url);
-   cleanRequest?.searchParams?.forEach((k) => url.searchParams.delete(k));
+   cleanRequest?.searchParams?.forEach((k) => {
+      url.searchParams.delete(k);
+   });
 
    if (isNode()) {
       return new Request(url.toString(), {
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ function getCleanRequest(req: Request, cleanRequest: NextjsBkndConfig["cleanRequ
 
 export function serve<Env = NextjsEnv>(
    { cleanRequest, ...config }: NextjsBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
    return async (req: Request) => {
       const app = await getApp(config, args);

app/src/adapter/node/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+import { readFile, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+
 export * from "./node.adapter";
 export * from "./storage";
 export * from "./connection/NodeSqliteConnection";
+
+export async function writer(path: string, content: string) {
+   await writeFile(path, content);
+}
+
+export async function reader(path: string) {
+   return await readFile(path, "utf-8");
+}

app/src/adapter/node/node.adapter.ts

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ export type NodeBkndConfig<Env = NodeEnv> = RuntimeBkndConfig<Env> & {
 
 export async function createApp<Env = NodeEnv>(
    { distPath, relativeDistPath, ...config }: NodeBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
    const root = path.relative(
       process.cwd(),
       path.resolve(distPath ?? relativeDistPath ?? "./node_modules/bknd/dist", "static"),
    );
    if (relativeDistPath) {
-      console.warn("relativeDistPath is deprecated, please use distPath instead");
+      $console.warn("relativeDistPath is deprecated, please use distPath instead");
    }
 
    registerLocalMediaAdapter();
@@ -33,19 +33,18 @@ export async function createApp<Env = NodeEnv>(
          serveStatic: serveStatic({ root }),
          ...config,
       },
-      // @ts-ignore
-      args ?? { env: process.env },
+      args,
    );
 }
 
 export function createHandler<Env = NodeEnv>(
    config: NodeBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
    let app: App | undefined;
    return async (req: Request) => {
       if (!app) {
-         app = await createApp(config, args ?? (process.env as Env));
+         app = await createApp(config, args);
       }
       return app.fetch(req);
    };
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ export function createHandler<Env = NodeEnv>(
 
 export function serve<Env = NodeEnv>(
    { port = $config.server.default_port, hostname, listener, ...config }: NodeBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
    honoServe(
       {

app/src/adapter/node/node.adapter.vi-test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { describe, beforeAll, afterAll } from "vitest";
+import { describe } from "vitest";
 import * as node from "./node.adapter";
 import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
 import { viTestRunner } from "adapter/node/vitest";

app/src/adapter/nuxt/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "./nuxt.adapter";

app/src/adapter/nuxt/nuxt.adapter.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe } from "bun:test";
+import * as nuxt from "./nuxt.adapter";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils";
+import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
+import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+describe("nuxt adapter", () => {
+   adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
+      makeApp: nuxt.getApp,
+      makeHandler: nuxt.serve,
+   });
+});

app/src/adapter/nuxt/nuxt.adapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { createRuntimeApp, type RuntimeBkndConfig } from "bknd/adapter";
+
+export type NuxtEnv = NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
+export type NuxtBkndConfig<Env = NuxtEnv> = RuntimeBkndConfig<Env>;
+
+/**
+ * Get bknd app instance
+ * @param config - bknd configuration
+ * @param args - environment variables
+ */
+export async function getApp<Env>(
+   config: NuxtBkndConfig<Env> = {} as NuxtBkndConfig<Env>,
+   args: Env,
+) {
+   return await createRuntimeApp(config, args);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create middleware handler for Nuxt
+ * @param config - bknd configuration
+ * @param args - environment variables
+ */
+export function serve<Env>(
+   config: NuxtBkndConfig<Env> = {} as NuxtBkndConfig<Env>,
+   args: Env,
+) {
+   return async (request: Request) => {
+      return (await getApp(config, args)).fetch(request);
+   };
+}

app/src/adapter/react-router/react-router.adapter.ts

@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ export type ReactRouterBkndConfig<Env = ReactRouterEnv> = FrameworkBkndConfig<En
 
 export async function getApp<Env = ReactRouterEnv>(
    config: ReactRouterBkndConfig<Env>,
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
-   return await createFrameworkApp(config, args ?? process.env);
+   return await createFrameworkApp(config, args);
 }
 
 export function serve<Env = ReactRouterEnv>(
    config: ReactRouterBkndConfig<Env> = {},
-   args: Env = {} as Env,
+   args: Env = process.env as Env,
 ) {
    return async (fnArgs: ReactRouterFunctionArgs) => {
       return (await getApp(config, args)).fetch(fnArgs.request);

app/src/adapter/sveltekit/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "./sveltekit.adapter";

app/src/adapter/sveltekit/sveltekit.adapter.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe } from "bun:test";
+import * as sveltekit from "./sveltekit.adapter";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils";
+import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
+import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+describe("sveltekit adapter", () => {
+   adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
+      makeApp: (c, a) => sveltekit.getApp(c as any, a ?? ({} as any)),
+      makeHandler: (c, a) => (request: Request) =>
+         sveltekit.serve(c as any, a ?? ({} as any))({ request }),
+   });
+});

app/src/adapter/sveltekit/sveltekit.adapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { createRuntimeApp, type RuntimeBkndConfig } from "bknd/adapter";
+
+type TSvelteKit = {
+   request: Request;
+};
+
+export type SvelteKitBkndConfig<Env> = Pick<RuntimeBkndConfig<Env>, "adminOptions">;
+
+/**
+ * Get bknd app instance
+ * @param config - bknd configuration
+ * @param args - environment variables (use $env/dynamic/private for universal runtime support)
+ */
+export async function getApp<Env>(
+   config: SvelteKitBkndConfig<Env> = {} as SvelteKitBkndConfig<Env>,
+   args: Env,
+) {
+   return await createRuntimeApp(config, args);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create request handler for hooks.server.ts
+ * @param config - bknd configuration
+ * @param args - environment variables (use $env/dynamic/private for universal runtime support)
+ */
+export function serve<Env>(
+   config: SvelteKitBkndConfig<Env> = {} as SvelteKitBkndConfig<Env>,
+   args: Env,
+) {
+   return async (fnArgs: TSvelteKit) => {
+      return (await getApp(config, args)).fetch(fnArgs.request);
+   };
+}

app/src/adapter/tanstack-start/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "./tanstack-start.adapter";

app/src/adapter/tanstack-start/tanstack-start.adapter.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe } from "bun:test";
+import * as tanstackStart from "./tanstack-start.adapter";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils";
+import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
+import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
+import type { TanstackStartConfig } from "./tanstack-start.adapter";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+describe("tanstack start adapter", () => {
+   adapterTestSuite<TanstackStartConfig>(bunTestRunner, {
+      makeApp: tanstackStart.getApp,
+      makeHandler: tanstackStart.serve,
+   });
+});

app/src/adapter/tanstack-start/tanstack-start.adapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { createFrameworkApp, type FrameworkBkndConfig } from "bknd/adapter";
+
+export type TanstackStartEnv = NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
+
+export type TanstackStartConfig<Env = TanstackStartEnv> =
+  FrameworkBkndConfig<Env>;
+
+/**
+ * Get bknd app instance
+ * @param config - bknd configuration
+ * @param args - environment variables
+ */
+export async function getApp<Env = TanstackStartEnv>(
+  config: TanstackStartConfig<Env> = {},
+  args: Env = process.env as Env,
+) {
+  return await createFrameworkApp(config, args);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create request handler for src/routes/api.$.ts
+ * @param config - bknd configuration
+ * @param args - environment variables
+ */
+export function serve<Env = TanstackStartEnv>(
+  config: TanstackStartConfig<Env> = {},
+  args: Env = process.env as Env,
+) {
+  return async (request: Request) => {
+    const app = await getApp(config, args);
+    return app.fetch(request);
+  };
+}

app/src/adapter/universal/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "./universal.adapter";

app/src/adapter/universal/universal.adapter.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, test, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { createBknd } from "./universal.adapter";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils";
+import { adapterTestSuite } from "adapter/adapter-test-suite";
+import { bunTestRunner } from "adapter/bun/test";
+
+beforeAll(disableConsoleLog);
+afterAll(enableConsoleLog);
+
+describe("universal adapter via createBknd", () => {
+   adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
+      makeApp: (options, args) => createBknd({ mode: "headless", options }, args).getApp(),
+      makeHandler: (options, args) => createBknd({ mode: "headless", options: options ?? {} }, args).serve(),
+   });
+
+   // ------------------------ MODE HEADLESS ------------------------
+   test("caches app instance", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({ mode: "headless", options: { connection: { url: ":memory:" } } });
+      const app1 = await bknd.getApp();
+      const app2 = await bknd.getApp();
+      expect(app1).toBe(app2);
+   });
+
+   test("getApi returns api", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({ mode: "headless", options: { connection: { url: ":memory:" } } });
+      const api = await bknd.getApi();
+      expect(api).toBeDefined();
+   });
+
+   test("uses createFrameworkApp in headless mode", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({ mode: "headless", options: { connection: { url: ":memory:" } } });
+      const app = await bknd.getApp();
+      expect(app).toBeDefined();
+      expect(app.isBuilt()).toBe(true);
+   });
+
+   test("serve returns a fetch handler", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({ mode: "headless", options: { connection: { url: ":memory:" } } });
+      const handler = bknd.serve();
+      const res = await handler(new Request("http://localhost:3000/api/system/config"));
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+});
+
+
+// ------------------------ MODE ADMIN ------------------------
+describe("universal adapter via createBknd in admin mode", () => {
+   adapterTestSuite(bunTestRunner, {
+      makeApp: (options, args) => createBknd({ mode: "admin", options }, args).getApp(),
+      makeHandler: (options, args) => createBknd({ mode: "admin", options: options ?? {} }, args).serve(),
+   });
+
+   test("caches app instance", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({ mode: "admin", options: { connection: { url: ":memory:" } } });
+      const app1 = await bknd.getApp();
+      const app2 = await bknd.getApp();
+      expect(app1).toBe(app2);
+   });
+
+   test("getApi returns api", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({ mode: "admin", options: { connection: { url: ":memory:" } } });
+      const api = await bknd.getApi();
+      expect(api).toBeDefined();
+   });
+
+   test("uses createRuntimeApp in admin mode", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({
+         mode: "admin",
+         options: {
+            connection: { url: ":memory:" },
+            adminOptions: { adminBasepath: "/admin" },
+         }
+      });
+      const app = await bknd.getApp();
+      expect(app).toBeDefined();
+      expect(app.isBuilt()).toBe(true);
+   });
+
+   test("serve returns a fetch handler", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({
+         mode: "admin",
+         options: {
+            connection: { url: ":memory:" },
+            adminOptions: { adminBasepath: "/admin" },
+         }
+      });
+      const handler = bknd.serve();
+      const res = await handler(new Request("http://localhost:3000/api/system/config"));
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   test("check admin route", async () => {
+      const bknd = createBknd({
+         mode: "admin",
+         options: {
+            connection: { url: ":memory:" },
+            adminOptions: { adminBasepath: "/admin" },
+         }
+      });
+      const handler = bknd.serve();
+      const res = await handler(new Request("http://localhost:3000/admin"));
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+});

app/src/adapter/universal/universal.adapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import {
+   createFrameworkApp,
+   createRuntimeApp,
+   type FrameworkBkndConfig,
+   type RuntimeBkndConfig,
+} from "bknd/adapter";
+import { $console } from "core/utils";
+import type { App } from "App";
+
+export type AdapterModeWithOptions<Env = Record<string, string | undefined>> =
+   | {
+        /** Serves the API along with the admin UI and static assets */
+        mode: "admin";
+        options: RuntimeBkndConfig<Env>;
+     }
+   | {
+        /** Serves the API only, without the admin UI — use when your framework handles rendering */
+        mode: "headless";
+        options: FrameworkBkndConfig<Env>;
+     };
+
+export function createBknd<Env>(config: AdapterModeWithOptions<Env>, env?: Env) {
+   let appPromise: Promise<App> | undefined;
+
+   const { mode, options } = config;
+
+   async function getApp(): Promise<App> {
+      if (!appPromise) {
+         if (mode === "admin") {
+            if (options.adminOptions && !options.serveStatic) {
+               $console.warn(
+                  "adminOptions provided without serveStatic — admin UI assets may not be served. " +
+                     "See `serveStatic`, `serveStaticViaImport`, or add a `package.json` script that runs `bknd copy-assets --out {relative_static_assets_directory_path}`.",
+               );
+            }
+            appPromise = createRuntimeApp(options, env);
+         } else {
+            appPromise = createFrameworkApp(options, env);
+         }
+      }
+      return appPromise;
+   }
+
+   async function getApi(opts?: { headers?: Headers; verify?: boolean }) {
+      const app = await getApp();
+      if (opts?.verify) {
+         const api = app.getApi({ headers: opts.headers });
+         await api.verifyAuth();
+         return api;
+      }
+      return app.getApi(opts?.headers ? { headers: opts.headers } : undefined);
+   }
+
+   function serve() {
+      return async (req: Request) => {
+         const app = await getApp();
+         return app.fetch(req);
+      };
+   }
+
+   return { getApp, getApi, serve };
+}
+
+/**
+  * Utility type to determine the config type based on mode,
+  * Usage `Config<"standalone">` or `Config<"api">`
+  */
+export type Config<T extends AdapterModeWithOptions["mode"]> = Extract<
+   Parameters<typeof createBknd>[0],
+   { mode: T }
+>['options'];

app/src/auth/AppAuth.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { DB, PrimaryFieldType } from "bknd";
 import * as AuthPermissions from "auth/auth-permissions";
 import type { AuthStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies/Strategy";
 import type { PasswordStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies/PasswordStrategy";
-import { $console, secureRandomString, transformObject } from "bknd/utils";
+import { $console, secureRandomString, transformObject, pickKeys } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { Entity, EntityManager } from "data/entities";
 import { em, entity, enumm, type FieldSchema } from "data/prototype";
 import { Module } from "modules/Module";
@@ -46,6 +46,22 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
          to.strategies!.password!.enabled = true;
       }
 
+      if (to.default_role_register && to.default_role_register?.length > 0) {
+         const valid_to_role = Object.keys(to.roles ?? {}).includes(to.default_role_register);
+
+         if (!valid_to_role) {
+            const msg = `Default role for registration not found: ${to.default_role_register}`;
+            // if changing to a new value
+            if (from.default_role_register !== to.default_role_register) {
+               throw new Error(msg);
+            }
+
+            // resetting gracefully, since role doesn't exist anymore
+            $console.warn(`${msg}, resetting to undefined`);
+            to.default_role_register = undefined;
+         }
+      }
+
       return to;
    }
 
@@ -61,7 +77,7 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
 
       // register roles
       const roles = transformObject(this.config.roles ?? {}, (role, name) => {
-         return Role.create({ name, ...role });
+         return Role.create(name, role);
       });
       this.ctx.guard.setRoles(Object.values(roles));
       this.ctx.guard.setConfig(this.config.guard ?? {});
@@ -82,6 +98,7 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       this._authenticator = new Authenticator(strategies, new AppUserPool(this), {
          jwt: this.config.jwt,
          cookie: this.config.cookie,
+         default_role_register: this.config.default_role_register,
       });
 
       this.registerEntities();
@@ -113,6 +130,19 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       return authConfigSchema;
    }
 
+   getGuardContextSchema() {
+      const userschema = this.getUsersEntity().toSchema() as any;
+      return {
+         type: "object",
+         properties: {
+            user: {
+               type: "object",
+               properties: pickKeys(userschema.properties, this.config.jwt.fields as any),
+            },
+         },
+      };
+   }
+
    get authenticator(): Authenticator {
       this.throwIfNotBuilt();
       return this._authenticator!;
@@ -158,10 +188,20 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       } catch (e) {}
    }
 
-   async createUser({ email, password, ...additional }: CreateUserPayload): Promise<DB["users"]> {
+   async createUser({
+      email,
+      password,
+      role,
+      ...additional
+   }: CreateUserPayload): Promise<DB["users"]> {
       if (!this.enabled) {
          throw new Error("Cannot create user, auth not enabled");
       }
+      if (role) {
+         if (!Object.keys(this.config.roles ?? {}).includes(role)) {
+            throw new Error(`Role "${role}" not found`);
+         }
+      }
 
       const strategy = "password" as const;
       const pw = this.authenticator.strategy(strategy) as PasswordStrategy;
@@ -170,6 +210,7 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       mutator.__unstable_toggleSystemEntityCreation(false);
       const { data: created } = await mutator.insertOne({
          ...(additional as any),
+         role: role || this.config.default_role_register || undefined,
          email,
          strategy,
          strategy_value,
@@ -210,10 +251,12 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       }
 
       const strategies = this.authenticator.getStrategies();
+      const roles = Object.fromEntries(this.ctx.guard.getRoles().map((r) => [r.name, r.toJSON()]));
 
       return {
          ...this.config,
          ...this.authenticator.toJSON(secrets),
+         roles,
          strategies: transformObject(strategies, (strategy) => ({
             enabled: this.isStrategyEnabled(strategy),
             ...strategy.toJSON(secrets),

app/src/auth/api/AuthApi.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type { AuthResponse, SafeUser, AuthStrategy } from "bknd";
 import { type BaseModuleApiOptions, ModuleApi } from "modules/ModuleApi";
 
 export type AuthApiOptions = BaseModuleApiOptions & {
-   onTokenUpdate?: (token?: string) => void | Promise<void>;
+   onTokenUpdate?: (token?: string, verified?: boolean) => void | Promise<void>;
    credentials?: "include" | "same-origin" | "omit";
 };
 
@@ -17,23 +17,19 @@ export class AuthApi extends ModuleApi<AuthApiOptions> {
    }
 
    async login(strategy: string, input: any) {
-      const res = await this.post<AuthResponse>([strategy, "login"], input, {
-         credentials: this.options.credentials,
-      });
+      const res = await this.post<AuthResponse>([strategy, "login"], input);
 
       if (res.ok && res.body.token) {
-         await this.options.onTokenUpdate?.(res.body.token);
+         await this.options.onTokenUpdate?.(res.body.token, true);
       }
       return res;
    }
 
    async register(strategy: string, input: any) {
-      const res = await this.post<AuthResponse>([strategy, "register"], input, {
-         credentials: this.options.credentials,
-      });
+      const res = await this.post<AuthResponse>([strategy, "register"], input);
 
       if (res.ok && res.body.token) {
-         await this.options.onTokenUpdate?.(res.body.token);
+         await this.options.onTokenUpdate?.(res.body.token, true);
       }
       return res;
    }
@@ -71,6 +67,11 @@ export class AuthApi extends ModuleApi<AuthApiOptions> {
    }
 
    async logout() {
-      await this.options.onTokenUpdate?.(undefined);
+      return this.get(["logout"], undefined, {
+         headers: {
+            // this way bknd detects a json request and doesn't redirect back
+            Accept: "application/json",
+         },
+      }).then(() => this.options.onTokenUpdate?.(undefined, true));
    }
 }

app/src/auth/api/AuthController.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
    InvalidSchemaError,
    transformObject,
    mcpTool,
+   $console,
 } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { PasswordStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies";
 
@@ -60,7 +61,10 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       if (create) {
          hono.post(
             "/create",
-            permission([AuthPermissions.createUser, DataPermissions.entityCreate]),
+            permission(AuthPermissions.createUser, {}),
+            permission(DataPermissions.entityCreate, {
+               context: (c) => ({ entity: this.auth.config.entity_name }),
+            }),
             describeRoute({
                summary: "Create a new user",
                tags: ["auth"],
@@ -195,7 +199,12 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       for (const [name, strategy] of Object.entries(strategies)) {
          if (!this.auth.isStrategyEnabled(strategy)) continue;
 
-         hono.route(`/${name}`, strategy.getController(this.auth.authenticator));
+         hono.route(
+            `/${name}`,
+            strategy.getController(this.auth.authenticator, {
+               allow_register: this.auth.config.allow_register,
+            }),
+         );
          this.registerStrategyActions(strategy, hono);
       }
 
@@ -207,7 +216,7 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       const idType = s.anyOf([s.number({ title: "Integer" }), s.string({ title: "UUID" })]);
 
       const getUser = async (params: { id?: string | number; email?: string }) => {
-         let user: DB["users"] | undefined = undefined;
+         let user: DB["users"] | undefined;
          if (params.id) {
             const { data } = await this.userRepo.findId(params.id);
             user = data;
@@ -222,30 +231,35 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       };
 
       const roles = Object.keys(this.auth.config.roles ?? {});
-      mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
-         "auth_user_create",
-         {
-            description: "Create a new user",
-            inputSchema: s.object({
-               email: s.string({ format: "email" }),
-               password: s.string({ minLength: 8 }),
-               role: s
-                  .string({
-                     enum: roles.length > 0 ? roles : undefined,
-                  })
-                  .optional(),
-            }),
-         },
-         async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.createUser, c);
+      try {
+         const actions = this.auth.authenticator.strategy("password").getActions();
+         if (actions.create) {
+            const schema = actions.create.schema;
+            mcp.tool(
+               "auth_user_create",
+               {
+                  description: "Create a new user",
+                  inputSchema: s.object({
+                     ...schema.properties,
+                     role: s
+                        .string({
+                           enum: roles.length > 0 ? roles : undefined,
+                        })
+                        .optional(),
+                  }),
+               },
+               async (params, c) => {
+                  await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.createUser);
 
-            return c.json(await this.auth.createUser(params));
-         },
-      );
+                  return c.json(await this.auth.createUser(params));
+               },
+            );
+         }
+      } catch (e) {
+         $console.warn("error creating auth_user_create tool", e);
+      }
 
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_token",
          {
             description: "Get a user token",
@@ -255,7 +269,7 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.createToken, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.createToken);
 
             const user = await getUser(params);
             return c.json({ user, token: await this.auth.authenticator.jwt(user) });
@@ -263,7 +277,6 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       );
 
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_password_change",
          {
             description: "Change a user's password",
@@ -274,7 +287,7 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.changePassword, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.changePassword);
 
             const user = await getUser(params);
             if (!(await this.auth.changePassword(user.id, params.password))) {
@@ -285,7 +298,6 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       );
 
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_password_test",
          {
             description: "Test a user's password",
@@ -295,10 +307,12 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.testPassword, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.testPassword);
 
             const pw = this.auth.authenticator.strategy("password") as PasswordStrategy;
-            const controller = pw.getController(this.auth.authenticator);
+            const controller = pw.getController(this.auth.authenticator, {
+               allow_register: this.auth.config.allow_register,
+            });
 
             const res = await controller.request(
                new Request("https://localhost/login", {

app/src/auth/auth-permissions.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 
 export const createUser = new Permission("auth.user.create");
 //export const updateUser = new Permission("auth.user.update");

app/src/auth/auth-schema.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { cookieConfig, jwtConfig } from "auth/authenticate/Authenticator";
 import { CustomOAuthStrategy, OAuthStrategy, PasswordStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies";
-import { objectTransform, s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { roleSchema } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { objectTransform, omitKeys, pick, s } from "bknd/utils";
 import { $object, $record } from "modules/mcp";
 
 export const Strategies = {
@@ -40,11 +41,8 @@ export type AppAuthCustomOAuthStrategy = s.Static<typeof STRATEGIES.custom_oauth
 const guardConfigSchema = s.object({
    enabled: s.boolean({ default: false }).optional(),
 });
-export const guardRoleSchema = s.strictObject({
-   permissions: s.array(s.string()).optional(),
-   is_default: s.boolean().optional(),
-   implicit_allow: s.boolean().optional(),
-});
+
+export const guardRoleSchema = roleSchema;
 
 export const authConfigSchema = $object(
    "config_auth",
@@ -53,6 +51,7 @@ export const authConfigSchema = $object(
       basepath: s.string({ default: "/api/auth" }),
       entity_name: s.string({ default: "users" }),
       allow_register: s.boolean({ default: true }).optional(),
+      default_role_register: s.string().optional(),
       jwt: jwtConfig,
       cookie: cookieConfig,
       strategies: $record(

app/src/auth/authenticate/Authenticator.ts

@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@ import { deleteCookie, getSignedCookie, setSignedCookie } from "hono/cookie";
 import { sign, verify } from "hono/jwt";
 import { type CookieOptions, serializeSigned } from "hono/utils/cookie";
 import type { ServerEnv } from "modules/Controller";
-import { pick } from "lodash-es";
 import { InvalidConditionsException } from "auth/errors";
-import { s, parse, secret, runtimeSupports, truncate, $console } from "bknd/utils";
-import { $object } from "modules/mcp";
+import { s, parse, secret, runtimeSupports, truncate, $console, pickKeys } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { AuthStrategy } from "./strategies/Strategy";
 
 type Input = any; // workaround
@@ -44,6 +42,7 @@ export interface UserPool {
 const defaultCookieExpires = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7; // 1 week in seconds
 export const cookieConfig = s
    .strictObject({
+      domain: s.string().optional(),
       path: s.string({ default: "/" }),
       sameSite: s.string({ enum: ["strict", "lax", "none"], default: "lax" }),
       secure: s.boolean({ default: true }),
@@ -75,6 +74,7 @@ export const jwtConfig = s.strictObject(
 export const authenticatorConfig = s.object({
    jwt: jwtConfig,
    cookie: cookieConfig,
+   default_role_register: s.string().optional(),
 });
 
 type AuthConfig = s.Static<typeof authenticatorConfig>;
@@ -165,9 +165,13 @@ export class Authenticator<
          if (!("strategy_value" in profile)) {
             throw new InvalidConditionsException("Profile must have a strategy value");
          }
+         if ("role" in profile) {
+            throw new InvalidConditionsException("Role cannot be provided during registration");
+         }
 
          const user = await this.userPool.create(strategy.getName(), {
             ...profile,
+            role: this.config.default_role_register,
             strategy_value: profile.strategy_value,
          });
 
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ export class Authenticator<
 
    // @todo: add jwt tests
    async jwt(_user: SafeUser | ProfileExchange): Promise<string> {
-      const user = pick(_user, this.config.jwt.fields);
+      const user = pickKeys(_user, this.config.jwt.fields as any);
 
       const payload: JWTPayload = {
          ...user,
@@ -255,7 +259,7 @@ export class Authenticator<
    }
 
    async safeAuthResponse(_user: User): Promise<AuthResponse> {
-      const user = pick(_user, this.config.jwt.fields) as SafeUser;
+      const user = pickKeys(_user, this.config.jwt.fields as any) as SafeUser;
       return {
          user,
          token: await this.jwt(user),
@@ -290,6 +294,7 @@ export class Authenticator<
 
       return {
          ...cookieConfig,
+         domain: cookieConfig.domain ?? undefined,
          expires: new Date(Date.now() + expires * 1000),
       };
    }
@@ -327,6 +332,31 @@ export class Authenticator<
       await setSignedCookie(c, "auth", token, secret, this.cookieOptions);
    }
 
+   async getAuthCookieHeader(token: string, headers = new Headers()) {
+      const c = {
+         header: (key: string, value: string) => {
+            headers.set(key, value);
+         },
+      };
+      await this.setAuthCookie(c as any, token);
+      return headers;
+   }
+
+   async removeAuthCookieHeader(headers = new Headers()) {
+      const c = {
+         header: (key: string, value: string) => {
+            headers.set(key, value);
+         },
+         req: {
+            raw: {
+               headers,
+            },
+         },
+      };
+      this.deleteAuthCookie(c as any);
+      return headers;
+   }
+
    async unsafeGetAuthCookie(token: string): Promise<string | undefined> {
       // this works for as long as cookieOptions.prefix is not set
       return serializeSigned("auth", token, this.config.jwt.secret, this.cookieOptions);
@@ -354,7 +384,10 @@ export class Authenticator<
 
    // @todo: move this to a server helper
    isJsonRequest(c: Context): boolean {
-      return c.req.header("Content-Type") === "application/json";
+      return (
+         c.req.header("Content-Type") === "application/json" ||
+         c.req.header("Accept") === "application/json"
+      );
    }
 
    async getBody(c: Context) {
@@ -397,7 +430,7 @@ export class Authenticator<
       let token: string | undefined;
       if (headers.has("Authorization")) {
          const bearerHeader = String(headers.get("Authorization"));
-         token = bearerHeader.replace("Bearer ", "");
+         token = bearerHeader.replace(/^Bearer\s+/i, "");
       } else {
          const context = is_context ? (c as Context) : ({ req: { raw: { headers } } } as Context);
          token = await this.getAuthCookie(context);

app/src/auth/authenticate/strategies/PasswordStrategy.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { User } from "bknd";
 import type { Authenticator } from "auth/authenticate/Authenticator";
 import { InvalidCredentialsException } from "auth/errors";
-import { hash, $console, s, parse, jsc } from "bknd/utils";
+import { hash, $console, s, parse, jsc, describeRoute } from "bknd/utils";
 import { Hono } from "hono";
 import { compare as bcryptCompare, genSalt as bcryptGenSalt, hash as bcryptHash } from "bcryptjs";
 import { AuthStrategy } from "./Strategy";
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ const schema = s
    .object({
       hashing: s.string({ enum: ["plain", "sha256", "bcrypt"], default: "sha256" }),
       rounds: s.number({ minimum: 1, maximum: 10 }).optional(),
+      minLength: s.number({ default: 8, minimum: 1 }).optional(),
    })
    .strict();
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ export class PasswordStrategy extends AuthStrategy<typeof schema> {
             format: "email",
          }),
          password: s.string({
-            minLength: 8, // @todo: this should be configurable
+            minLength: this.config.minLength,
          }),
       });
    }
@@ -65,70 +66,97 @@ export class PasswordStrategy extends AuthStrategy<typeof schema> {
             return await bcryptCompare(compare, actual);
       }
 
-      return false;
+      return actual === compare;
    }
 
    verify(password: string) {
       return async (user: User) => {
-         const compare = await this.compare(user?.strategy_value!, password);
+         if (!user || !user.strategy_value) {
+            throw new InvalidCredentialsException();
+         }
+
+         if (!this.getPayloadSchema().properties.password.validate(password).valid) {
+            $console.debug("PasswordStrategy: Invalid password", password);
+            throw new InvalidCredentialsException();
+         }
+
+         const compare = await this.compare(user.strategy_value, password);
          if (compare !== true) {
             throw new InvalidCredentialsException();
          }
       };
    }
 
-   getController(authenticator: Authenticator): Hono<any> {
+   getController(authenticator: Authenticator, opts: { allow_register?: boolean }): Hono<any> {
       const hono = new Hono();
       const redirectQuerySchema = s.object({
          redirect: s.string().optional(),
       });
       const payloadSchema = this.getPayloadSchema();
 
-      hono.post("/login", jsc("query", redirectQuerySchema), async (c) => {
-         try {
-            const body = parse(payloadSchema, await authenticator.getBody(c), {
-               onError: (errors) => {
-                  $console.error("Invalid login payload", [...errors]);
-                  throw new InvalidCredentialsException();
-               },
-            });
-            const { redirect } = c.req.valid("query");
-
-            return await authenticator.resolveLogin(c, this, body, this.verify(body.password), {
-               redirect,
-            });
-         } catch (e) {
-            return authenticator.respondWithError(c, e as any);
-         }
-      });
-
-      hono.post("/register", jsc("query", redirectQuerySchema), async (c) => {
-         try {
-            const { redirect } = c.req.valid("query");
-            const { password, email, ...body } = parse(
-               payloadSchema,
-               await authenticator.getBody(c),
-               {
+      hono.post(
+         "/login",
+         describeRoute({
+            summary: "Login with email and password",
+            tags: ["auth"],
+         }),
+         jsc("query", redirectQuerySchema),
+         async (c) => {
+            try {
+               const body = parse(payloadSchema, await authenticator.getBody(c), {
                   onError: (errors) => {
-                     $console.error("Invalid register payload", [...errors]);
-                     new InvalidCredentialsException();
+                     $console.error("Invalid login payload", [...errors]);
+                     throw new InvalidCredentialsException();
                   },
-               },
-            );
+               });
+               const { redirect } = c.req.valid("query");
 
-            const profile = {
-               ...body,
-               email,
-               strategy_value: await this.hash(password),
-            };
+               return await authenticator.resolveLogin(c, this, body, this.verify(body.password), {
+                  redirect,
+               });
+            } catch (e) {
+               return authenticator.respondWithError(c, e as any);
+            }
+         },
+      );
 
-            return await authenticator.resolveRegister(c, this, profile, async () => void 0, {
-               redirect,
-            });
-         } catch (e) {
-            return authenticator.respondWithError(c, e as any);
-         }
-      });
+      if (opts.allow_register) {
+         hono.post(
+            "/register",
+            describeRoute({
+               summary: "Register a new user with email and password",
+               tags: ["auth"],
+            }),
+            jsc("query", redirectQuerySchema),
+            async (c) => {
+               try {
+                  const { redirect } = c.req.valid("query");
+                  const { password, email, ...body } = parse(
+                     payloadSchema,
+                     await authenticator.getBody(c),
+                     {
+                        onError: (errors) => {
+                           $console.error("Invalid register payload", [...errors]);
+                           new InvalidCredentialsException();
+                        },
+                     },
+                  );
+
+                  const profile = {
+                     ...body,
+                     email,
+                     strategy_value: await this.hash(password),
+                  };
+
+                  return await authenticator.resolveRegister(c, this, profile, async () => void 0, {
+                     redirect,
+                  });
+               } catch (e) {
+                  return authenticator.respondWithError(c, e as any);
+               }
+            },
+         );
+      }
 
       return hono;
    }

app/src/auth/authenticate/strategies/Strategy.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export abstract class AuthStrategy<Schema extends s.Schema = s.Schema> {
 
    protected abstract getSchema(): Schema;
 
-   abstract getController(auth: Authenticator): Hono;
+   abstract getController(auth: Authenticator, opts: { allow_register?: boolean }): Hono;
 
    getType(): string {
       return this.type;

app/src/auth/authenticate/strategies/oauth/OAuthStrategy.ts

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ export class OAuthStrategy extends AuthStrategy<typeof schemaProvided> {
       }
    }
 
-   getController(auth: Authenticator): Hono<any> {
+   getController(auth: Authenticator, opts: { allow_register?: boolean }): Hono<any> {
       const hono = new Hono();
       const secret = "secret";
       const cookie_name = "_challenge";
@@ -379,6 +379,10 @@ export class OAuthStrategy extends AuthStrategy<typeof schemaProvided> {
             return c.notFound();
          }
 
+         if (action === "register" && !opts.allow_register) {
+            return c.notFound();
+         }
+
          const url = new URL(c.req.url);
          const path = url.pathname.replace(`/${action}`, "");
          const redirect_uri = url.origin + path + "/callback";

app/src/auth/authorize/Guard.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import { Exception } from "core/errors";
-import { $console, objectTransform } from "bknd/utils";
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { $console, mergeObject, type s } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { Permission, PermissionContext } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 import type { Context } from "hono";
 import type { ServerEnv } from "modules/Controller";
-import { Role } from "./Role";
+import type { Role } from "./Role";
+import { HttpStatus } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { Policy, PolicySchema } from "./Policy";
+import { convert, type ObjectQuery } from "core/object/query/object-query";
 
 export type GuardUserContext = {
    role?: string | null;
@@ -12,41 +15,43 @@ export type GuardUserContext = {
 
 export type GuardConfig = {
    enabled?: boolean;
+   context?: object;
 };
 export type GuardContext = Context<ServerEnv> | GuardUserContext;
 
-export class Guard {
-   permissions: Permission[];
-   roles?: Role[];
-   config?: GuardConfig;
+export class GuardPermissionsException extends Exception {
+   override name = "PermissionsException";
+   override code = HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN;
 
-   constructor(permissions: Permission[] = [], roles: Role[] = [], config?: GuardConfig) {
+   constructor(
+      public permission: Permission,
+      public policy?: Policy,
+      public description?: string,
+   ) {
+      super(`Permission "${permission.name}" not granted`);
+   }
+
+   override toJSON(): any {
+      return {
+         ...super.toJSON(),
+         description: this.description,
+         permission: this.permission.name,
+         policy: this.policy?.toJSON(),
+      };
+   }
+}
+
+export class Guard {
+   constructor(
+      public permissions: Permission<any, any, any, any>[] = [],
+      public roles: Role[] = [],
+      public config?: GuardConfig,
+   ) {
       this.permissions = permissions;
       this.roles = roles;
       this.config = config;
    }
 
-   static create(
-      permissionNames: string[],
-      roles?: Record<
-         string,
-         {
-            permissions?: string[];
-            is_default?: boolean;
-            implicit_allow?: boolean;
-         }
-      >,
-      config?: GuardConfig,
-   ) {
-      const _roles = roles
-         ? objectTransform(roles, ({ permissions = [], is_default, implicit_allow }, name) => {
-              return Role.createWithPermissionNames(name, permissions, is_default, implicit_allow);
-           })
-         : {};
-      const _permissions = permissionNames.map((name) => new Permission(name));
-      return new Guard(_permissions, Object.values(_roles), config);
-   }
-
    getPermissionNames(): string[] {
       return this.permissions.map((permission) => permission.name);
    }
@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ export class Guard {
       return this;
    }
 
-   registerPermission(permission: Permission) {
+   registerPermission(permission: Permission<any, any, any, any>) {
       if (this.permissions.find((p) => p.name === permission.name)) {
          throw new Error(`Permission ${permission.name} already exists`);
       }
@@ -82,9 +87,13 @@ export class Guard {
       return this;
    }
 
-   registerPermissions(permissions: Record<string, Permission>);
-   registerPermissions(permissions: Permission[]);
-   registerPermissions(permissions: Permission[] | Record<string, Permission>) {
+   registerPermissions(permissions: Record<string, Permission<any, any, any, any>>);
+   registerPermissions(permissions: Permission<any, any, any, any>[]);
+   registerPermissions(
+      permissions:
+         | Permission<any, any, any, any>[]
+         | Record<string, Permission<any, any, any, any>>,
+   ) {
       const p = Array.isArray(permissions) ? permissions : Object.values(permissions);
 
       for (const permission of p) {
@@ -117,56 +126,216 @@ export class Guard {
       return this.config?.enabled === true;
    }
 
-   hasPermission(permission: Permission, user?: GuardUserContext): boolean;
-   hasPermission(name: string, user?: GuardUserContext): boolean;
-   hasPermission(permissionOrName: Permission | string, user?: GuardUserContext): boolean {
-      if (!this.isEnabled()) {
-         return true;
-      }
-
-      const name = typeof permissionOrName === "string" ? permissionOrName : permissionOrName.name;
-      $console.debug("guard: checking permission", {
-         name,
-         user: { id: user?.id, role: user?.role },
-      });
-      const exists = this.permissionExists(name);
-      if (!exists) {
-         throw new Error(`Permission ${name} does not exist`);
-      }
-
-      const role = this.getUserRole(user);
-
-      if (!role) {
-         $console.debug("guard: user has no role, denying");
-         return false;
-      } else if (role.implicit_allow === true) {
-         $console.debug(`guard: role "${role.name}" has implicit allow, allowing`);
-         return true;
-      }
-
-      const rolePermission = role.permissions.find(
-         (rolePermission) => rolePermission.permission.name === name,
-      );
-
-      $console.debug("guard: rolePermission, allowing?", {
-         permission: name,
-         role: role.name,
-         allowing: !!rolePermission,
-      });
-      return !!rolePermission;
-   }
-
-   granted(permission: Permission | string, c?: GuardContext): boolean {
+   private collect(permission: Permission, c: GuardContext | undefined, context: any) {
       const user = c && "get" in c ? c.get("auth")?.user : c;
-      return this.hasPermission(permission as any, user);
+      const ctx = {
+         ...((context ?? {}) as any),
+         ...this.config?.context,
+         user,
+      };
+      const exists = this.permissionExists(permission.name);
+      const role = this.getUserRole(user);
+      const rolePermission = role?.permissions.find(
+         (rolePermission) => rolePermission.permission.name === permission.name,
+      );
+      return {
+         ctx,
+         user,
+         exists,
+         role,
+         rolePermission,
+      };
    }
 
-   throwUnlessGranted(permission: Permission | string, c: GuardContext) {
-      if (!this.granted(permission, c)) {
-         throw new Exception(
-            `Permission "${typeof permission === "string" ? permission : permission.name}" not granted`,
-            403,
+   granted<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ): void;
+   granted<P extends Permission<any, any, undefined, any>>(permission: P, c: GuardContext): void;
+   granted<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context?: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ): void {
+      if (!this.isEnabled()) {
+         return;
+      }
+      const { ctx: _ctx, exists, role, rolePermission } = this.collect(permission, c, context);
+
+      // validate context
+      let ctx = Object.assign({}, _ctx);
+      if (permission.context) {
+         ctx = permission.parseContext(ctx);
+      }
+
+      $console.debug("guard: checking permission", {
+         name: permission.name,
+         context: ctx,
+      });
+      if (!exists) {
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(
+            permission,
+            undefined,
+            `Permission ${permission.name} does not exist`,
          );
       }
+
+      if (!role) {
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(permission, undefined, "User has no role");
+      }
+
+      if (!rolePermission) {
+         if (role.implicit_allow === true) {
+            $console.debug(`guard: role "${role.name}" has implicit allow, allowing`);
+            return;
+         }
+
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(
+            permission,
+            undefined,
+            `Role "${role.name}" does not have required permission`,
+         );
+      }
+
+      if (rolePermission?.policies.length > 0) {
+         $console.debug("guard: rolePermission has policies, checking");
+
+         // set the default effect of the role permission
+         let allowed = rolePermission.effect === "allow";
+         for (const policy of rolePermission.policies) {
+            $console.debug("guard: checking policy", { policy: policy.toJSON(), ctx });
+            // skip filter policies
+            if (policy.content.effect === "filter") continue;
+
+            // if condition is met, check the effect
+            const meets = policy.meetsCondition(ctx);
+            if (meets) {
+               $console.debug("guard: policy meets condition");
+               // if deny, then break early
+               if (policy.content.effect === "deny") {
+                  $console.debug("guard: policy is deny, setting allowed to false");
+                  allowed = false;
+                  break;
+
+                  // if allow, set allow but continue checking
+               } else if (policy.content.effect === "allow") {
+                  allowed = true;
+               }
+            } else {
+               $console.debug("guard: policy does not meet condition");
+            }
+         }
+
+         if (!allowed) {
+            throw new GuardPermissionsException(permission, undefined, "Policy condition unmet");
+         }
+      }
+
+      $console.debug("guard allowing", {
+         permission: permission.name,
+         role: role.name,
+      });
+   }
+
+   filters<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context: PermissionContext<P>,
+   );
+   filters<P extends Permission<any, any, undefined, any>>(permission: P, c: GuardContext);
+   filters<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context?: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ) {
+      if (!permission.isFilterable()) {
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(permission, undefined, "Permission is not filterable");
+      }
+
+      const {
+         ctx: _ctx,
+         exists,
+         role,
+         user,
+         rolePermission,
+      } = this.collect(permission, c, context);
+
+      // validate context
+      let ctx = Object.assign(
+         {
+            user,
+         },
+         _ctx,
+      );
+
+      if (permission.context) {
+         ctx = permission.parseContext(ctx, {
+            coerceDropUnknown: false,
+         });
+      }
+
+      const filters: PolicySchema["filter"][] = [];
+      const policies: Policy[] = [];
+      if (exists && role && rolePermission && rolePermission.policies.length > 0) {
+         for (const policy of rolePermission.policies) {
+            if (policy.content.effect === "filter") {
+               const meets = policy.meetsCondition(ctx);
+               if (meets) {
+                  policies.push(policy);
+                  filters.push(policy.getReplacedFilter(ctx));
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      const filter = filters.length > 0 ? mergeObject({}, ...filters) : undefined;
+      return {
+         filters,
+         filter,
+         policies,
+         merge: (givenFilter: object | undefined) => {
+            return mergeFilters(givenFilter ?? {}, filter ?? {});
+         },
+         matches: (subject: object | object[], opts?: { throwOnError?: boolean }) => {
+            const subjects = Array.isArray(subject) ? subject : [subject];
+            if (policies.length > 0) {
+               for (const policy of policies) {
+                  for (const subject of subjects) {
+                     if (!policy.meetsFilter(subject, ctx)) {
+                        if (opts?.throwOnError) {
+                           throw new GuardPermissionsException(
+                              permission,
+                              policy,
+                              "Policy filter not met",
+                           );
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            return true;
+         },
+      };
    }
 }
+
+export function mergeFilters(base: ObjectQuery, priority: ObjectQuery) {
+   const base_converted = convert(base);
+   const priority_converted = convert(priority);
+   const merged = mergeObject(base_converted, priority_converted);
+
+   // in case priority filter is also contained in base's $and, merge priority in
+   if ("$or" in base_converted && base_converted.$or) {
+      const $ors = base_converted.$or as ObjectQuery;
+      const priority_keys = Object.keys(priority_converted);
+      for (const key of priority_keys) {
+         if (key in $ors) {
+            merged.$or[key] = mergeObject($ors[key], priority_converted[key]);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   return merged;
+}

app/src/auth/authorize/Permission.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { s, type ParseOptions, parse, InvalidSchemaError, HttpStatus } from "bknd/utils";
+
+export const permissionOptionsSchema = s
+   .strictObject({
+      description: s.string(),
+      filterable: s.boolean(),
+   })
+   .partial();
+
+export type TPermission = {
+   name: string;
+   description?: string;
+   filterable?: boolean;
+   context?: any;
+};
+
+export type PermissionOptions = s.Static<typeof permissionOptionsSchema>;
+export type PermissionContext<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>> = P extends Permission<
+   any,
+   any,
+   infer Context,
+   any
+>
+   ? Context extends s.ObjectSchema
+      ? s.Static<Context>
+      : never
+   : never;
+
+export class InvalidPermissionContextError extends InvalidSchemaError {
+   override name = "InvalidPermissionContextError";
+
+   // changing to internal server error because it's an unexpected behavior
+   override code = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+
+   static from(e: InvalidSchemaError) {
+      return new InvalidPermissionContextError(e.schema, e.value, e.errors);
+   }
+}
+
+export class Permission<
+   Name extends string = string,
+   Options extends PermissionOptions = {},
+   Context extends s.ObjectSchema | undefined = undefined,
+   ContextValue = Context extends s.ObjectSchema ? s.Static<Context> : undefined,
+> {
+   constructor(
+      public name: Name,
+      public options: Options = {} as Options,
+      public context: Context = undefined as Context,
+   ) {}
+
+   isFilterable() {
+      return this.options.filterable === true;
+   }
+
+   parseContext(ctx: ContextValue, opts?: ParseOptions) {
+      // @todo: allow additional properties
+      if (!this.context) return ctx;
+      try {
+         return this.context ? parse(this.context!, ctx, opts) : undefined;
+      } catch (e) {
+         if (e instanceof InvalidSchemaError) {
+            throw InvalidPermissionContextError.from(e);
+         }
+
+         throw e;
+      }
+   }
+
+   toJSON() {
+      return {
+         name: this.name,
+         ...this.options,
+         context: this.context,
+      };
+   }
+}

app/src/auth/authorize/Policy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { s, parse, recursivelyReplacePlaceholders } from "bknd/utils";
+import * as query from "core/object/query/object-query";
+
+export const policySchema = s
+   .strictObject({
+      description: s.string(),
+      condition: s.object({}).optional() as s.Schema<{}, query.ObjectQuery | undefined>,
+      // @todo: potentially remove this, and invert from rolePermission.effect
+      effect: s.string({ enum: ["allow", "deny", "filter"], default: "allow" }),
+      filter: s.object({}).optional() as s.Schema<{}, query.ObjectQuery | undefined>,
+   })
+   .partial();
+export type PolicySchema = s.Static<typeof policySchema>;
+
+export class Policy<Schema extends PolicySchema = PolicySchema> {
+   public content: Schema;
+
+   constructor(content?: Schema) {
+      this.content = parse(policySchema, content ?? {}, {
+         withDefaults: true,
+      }) as Schema;
+   }
+
+   replace(context: object, vars?: Record<string, any>, fallback?: any) {
+      return vars
+         ? recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(context, /^@([a-zA-Z_\.]+)$/, vars, fallback)
+         : context;
+   }
+
+   getReplacedFilter(context: object, fallback?: any) {
+      if (!this.content.filter) return context;
+      return this.replace(this.content.filter!, context, fallback);
+   }
+
+   meetsCondition(context: object, vars?: Record<string, any>) {
+      if (!this.content.condition) return true;
+      return query.validate(this.replace(this.content.condition!, vars), context);
+   }
+
+   meetsFilter(subject: object, vars?: Record<string, any>) {
+      if (!this.content.filter) return true;
+      return query.validate(this.replace(this.content.filter!, vars), subject);
+   }
+
+   getFiltered<Given extends any[]>(given: Given): Given {
+      return given.filter((item) => this.meetsFilter(item)) as Given;
+   }
+
+   toJSON() {
+      return this.content;
+   }
+}

app/src/auth/authorize/Role.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,39 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { Permission } from "./Permission";
+import { Policy, policySchema } from "./Policy";
+
+// default effect is allow for backward compatibility
+const defaultEffect = "allow";
+
+export const rolePermissionSchema = s.strictObject({
+   permission: s.string(),
+   effect: s.string({ enum: ["allow", "deny"], default: defaultEffect }).optional(),
+   policies: s.array(policySchema).optional(),
+});
+export type RolePermissionSchema = s.Static<typeof rolePermissionSchema>;
+
+export const roleSchema = s.strictObject({
+   // @todo: remove anyOf, add migration
+   permissions: s.anyOf([s.array(s.string()), s.array(rolePermissionSchema)]).optional(),
+   is_default: s.boolean().optional(),
+   implicit_allow: s.boolean().optional(),
+});
+export type RoleSchema = s.Static<typeof roleSchema>;
 
 export class RolePermission {
    constructor(
-      public permission: Permission,
-      public config?: any,
+      public permission: Permission<any, any, any, any>,
+      public policies: Policy[] = [],
+      public effect: "allow" | "deny" = defaultEffect,
    ) {}
+
+   toJSON() {
+      return {
+         permission: this.permission.name,
+         policies: this.policies.map((p) => p.toJSON()),
+         effect: this.effect,
+      };
+   }
 }
 
 export class Role {
@@ -15,31 +44,23 @@ export class Role {
       public implicit_allow: boolean = false,
    ) {}
 
-   static createWithPermissionNames(
-      name: string,
-      permissionNames: string[],
-      is_default: boolean = false,
-      implicit_allow: boolean = false,
-   ) {
-      return new Role(
-         name,
-         permissionNames.map((name) => new RolePermission(new Permission(name))),
-         is_default,
-         implicit_allow,
-      );
+   static create(name: string, config: RoleSchema) {
+      const permissions =
+         config.permissions?.map((p: string | RolePermissionSchema) => {
+            if (typeof p === "string") {
+               return new RolePermission(new Permission(p), []);
+            }
+            const policies = p.policies?.map((policy) => new Policy(policy));
+            return new RolePermission(new Permission(p.permission), policies, p.effect);
+         }) ?? [];
+      return new Role(name, permissions, config.is_default, config.implicit_allow);
    }
 
-   static create(config: {
-      name: string;
-      permissions?: string[];
-      is_default?: boolean;
-      implicit_allow?: boolean;
-   }) {
-      return new Role(
-         config.name,
-         config.permissions?.map((name) => new RolePermission(new Permission(name))) ?? [],
-         config.is_default,
-         config.implicit_allow,
-      );
+   toJSON() {
+      return {
+         permissions: this.permissions.map((p) => p.toJSON()),
+         is_default: this.is_default,
+         implicit_allow: this.implicit_allow,
+      };
    }
 }

app/src/auth/middlewares/auth.middleware.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import type { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
 import { $console, patternMatch } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { Context } from "hono";
 import { createMiddleware } from "hono/factory";
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ export const auth = (options?: {
       // make sure to only register once
       if (authCtx.registered) {
          skipped = true;
-         $console.warn(`auth middleware already registered for ${getPath(c)}`);
+         $console.debug(`auth middleware already registered for ${getPath(c)}`);
       } else {
          authCtx.registered = true;
 
@@ -67,48 +66,3 @@ export const auth = (options?: {
       authCtx.resolved = false;
       authCtx.user = undefined;
    });
-
-export const permission = (
-   permission: Permission | Permission[],
-   options?: {
-      onGranted?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => Promise<Response | void | undefined>;
-      onDenied?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => Promise<Response | void | undefined>;
-   },
-) =>
-   // @ts-ignore
-   createMiddleware<ServerEnv>(async (c, next) => {
-      const app = c.get("app");
-      const authCtx = c.get("auth");
-      if (!authCtx) {
-         throw new Error("auth ctx not found");
-      }
-
-      // in tests, app is not defined
-      if (!authCtx.registered || !app) {
-         const msg = `auth middleware not registered, cannot check permissions for ${getPath(c)}`;
-         if (app?.module.auth.enabled) {
-            throw new Error(msg);
-         } else {
-            $console.warn(msg);
-         }
-      } else if (!authCtx.skip) {
-         const guard = app.modules.ctx().guard;
-         const permissions = Array.isArray(permission) ? permission : [permission];
-
-         if (options?.onGranted || options?.onDenied) {
-            let returned: undefined | void | Response;
-            if (permissions.every((p) => guard.granted(p, c))) {
-               returned = await options?.onGranted?.(c);
-            } else {
-               returned = await options?.onDenied?.(c);
-            }
-            if (returned instanceof Response) {
-               return returned;
-            }
-         } else {
-            permissions.some((p) => guard.throwUnlessGranted(p, c));
-         }
-      }
-
-      await next();
-   });

app/src/auth/middlewares/permission.middleware.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import type { Permission, PermissionContext } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { $console, threw } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { Context, Hono } from "hono";
+import type { RouterRoute } from "hono/types";
+import { createMiddleware } from "hono/factory";
+import type { ServerEnv } from "modules/Controller";
+import type { MaybePromise } from "core/types";
+import { GuardPermissionsException } from "auth/authorize/Guard";
+
+function getPath(reqOrCtx: Request | Context) {
+   const req = reqOrCtx instanceof Request ? reqOrCtx : reqOrCtx.req.raw;
+   return new URL(req.url).pathname;
+}
+
+const permissionSymbol = Symbol.for("permission");
+
+type PermissionMiddlewareOptions<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>> = {
+   onGranted?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => MaybePromise<Response | void | undefined>;
+   onDenied?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => MaybePromise<Response | void | undefined>;
+} & (P extends Permission<any, any, infer PC, any>
+   ? PC extends undefined
+      ? {
+           context?: never;
+        }
+      : {
+           context: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => MaybePromise<PermissionContext<P>>;
+        }
+   : {
+        context?: never;
+     });
+
+export function permission<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+   permission: P,
+   options: PermissionMiddlewareOptions<P>,
+) {
+   // @ts-ignore (middlewares do not always return)
+   const handler = createMiddleware<ServerEnv>(async (c, next) => {
+      const app = c.get("app");
+      const authCtx = c.get("auth");
+      if (!authCtx) {
+         throw new Error("auth ctx not found");
+      }
+
+      // in tests, app is not defined
+      if (!authCtx.registered || !app) {
+         const msg = `auth middleware not registered, cannot check permissions for ${getPath(c)}`;
+         if (app?.module.auth.enabled) {
+            throw new Error(msg);
+         } else {
+            $console.warn(msg);
+         }
+      } else if (!authCtx.skip) {
+         const guard = app.modules.ctx().guard;
+         const context = (await options?.context?.(c)) ?? ({} as any);
+
+         if (options?.onGranted || options?.onDenied) {
+            let returned: undefined | void | Response;
+            if (threw(() => guard.granted(permission, c, context), GuardPermissionsException)) {
+               returned = await options?.onDenied?.(c);
+            } else {
+               returned = await options?.onGranted?.(c);
+            }
+            if (returned instanceof Response) {
+               return returned;
+            }
+         } else {
+            guard.granted(permission, c, context);
+         }
+      }
+
+      await next();
+   });
+
+   return Object.assign(handler, {
+      [permissionSymbol]: { permission, options },
+   });
+}
+
+export function getPermissionRoutes(hono: Hono<any>) {
+   const routes: {
+      route: RouterRoute;
+      permission: Permission;
+      options: PermissionMiddlewareOptions<Permission>;
+   }[] = [];
+   for (const route of hono.routes) {
+      if (permissionSymbol in route.handler) {
+         routes.push({
+            route,
+            ...(route.handler[permissionSymbol] as any),
+         });
+      }
+   }
+   return routes;
+}

app/src/cli/commands/create/create.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import color from "picocolors";
 import { overridePackageJson, updateBkndPackages } from "./npm";
 import { type Template, templates, type TemplateSetupCtx } from "./templates";
 import { createScoped, flush } from "cli/utils/telemetry";
+import path from "node:path";
 
 const config = {
    types: {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ const config = {
       node: "Node.js",
       bun: "Bun",
       cloudflare: "Cloudflare",
+      deno: "Deno",
       aws: "AWS Lambda",
    },
    framework: {
@@ -259,17 +261,19 @@ async function action(options: {
       }
    }
 
-   // update package name
-   await overridePackageJson(
-      (pkg) => ({
-         ...pkg,
-         name: ctx.name,
-      }),
-      { dir: ctx.dir },
-   );
-   $p.log.success(`Updated package name to ${color.cyan(ctx.name)}`);
+   // update package name if there is a package.json
+   if (fs.existsSync(path.resolve(ctx.dir, "package.json"))) {
+      await overridePackageJson(
+         (pkg) => ({
+            ...pkg,
+            name: ctx.name,
+         }),
+         { dir: ctx.dir },
+      );
+      $p.log.success(`Updated package name to ${color.cyan(ctx.name)}`);
+   }
 
-   {
+   if (template.installDeps !== false) {
       const install =
          options.yes ??
          (await $p.confirm({

app/src/cli/commands/create/npm.ts

@@ -93,17 +93,19 @@ export async function replacePackageJsonVersions(
 }
 
 export async function updateBkndPackages(dir?: string, map?: Record<string, string>) {
-   const versions = {
-      bknd: await sysGetVersion(),
-      ...(map ?? {}),
-   };
-   await replacePackageJsonVersions(
-      async (pkg) => {
-         if (pkg in versions) {
-            return versions[pkg];
-         }
-         return;
-      },
-      { dir },
-   );
+   try {
+      const versions = {
+         bknd: await sysGetVersion(),
+         ...(map ?? {}),
+      };
+      await replacePackageJsonVersions(
+         async (pkg) => {
+            if (pkg in versions) {
+               return versions[pkg];
+            }
+            return;
+         },
+         { dir },
+      );
+   } catch (e) {}
 }